1. Solar System Notes Test – Thursday, 2/20 Textbook & Online Resources: Chapter 4 – Lesson 1: Introducing the Solar System Chapter 4 – Lesson 3: The Inner Planets Chapter 4 – Lesson 4: The Outer Planets Chapter 4 – Lesson 6: Models of our Solar System

2. Early ideas about the solar system followed a geocentric model. This means that the Earth is in the center of the solar system, and the Sun and other planets revolve around the Earth. Ancient Greeks – Ptolmey - (140 AD) Geo = Earth

3. Later scientists discovered that the geocentric model was incorrect!

4. The model of the solar system that scientists use NOW is the heliocentric model. This means that the Sun is in the center of the solar system, and the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun. Helio = Sun Copernicus – 1543……….proved by Galileo -1610

5. It took a long time for people to accept the heliocentric model, because they thought the Earth must be the “center of the universe.”

6. Add this to your notes… Day = 1 rotation (1 spin on axis) Year = 1 revolution (1 trip around the sun)

7. Friday, 2-7-14 Write 3 complete facts about your planet. Warm Up #5

8. The Inner Planets Small & Dense Terrestrial = Made of rock & metallic minerals All except Mercury have atmospheres

9. IMPORTANT!!! You do NOT need to memorize all of the facts and figures about the planets!!! Just know how they compare to Earth… – Bigger or smaller – Hotter or colder – Longer year or shorter year

10. Mercury Diameter = 4,879 kmGravity = 0.37 X Earth Distance from Sun = 0.39 AU Ave. Temp. = -170 o to 430 o C # of Moons = 0 Day = 58.9 DaysYear = 88 Days

11. Mercury No atmosphere (causes extreme temps.) Rocky surface w/craters About the size of Earth’s moon

12. Venus Diameter = 12,104 kmGravity = 0.90 X Earth Distance from Sun = 0.72 AU Ave. Temp. = 460 o C # of Moons = 0 Day = 244 DaysYear = 224.7 Days

13. Venus Thick atmosphere, made of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with clouds of sulfuric acid. HOTTEST planet - Traps heat by the greenhouse effect Surface has more than 10,000 volcanoes Rotates in the opposite direction of other planets

15. Earth Diameter = 12,756 kmGravity = 1 X Earth Distance from Sun = 1 AU Ave. Temp. = Just Right Average 7.2 o C (Record Temps: -89 to 70 o C) # of Moons = 1 Day = 24 hoursYear = 365.25 days

16. Earth 70 % of surface is liquid water “Goldilocks Zone” b/c temp. is just right Atmosphere is 20% oxygen Greenhouse effect keeps us warm

19. Earth’s Moon Diameter = 3,476 kmGravity = 0.16 X Earth Distance from Sun = about 1 AU Ave. Temp. = -170 to 130 o C

20. Earth’s Moon The surface has… – Maria - hardened rock from lava flows 3-4 billion years ago – Craters - caused by impacts of meteors – http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap120320.html http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap120320.html

21. Mars Diameter = 6,794 kmGravity =.37 X Earth Distance from Sun = 1.52 AU Ave. Temp. = -140 to 20 o C # of Moons = 2 Day = 1.03 daysYear = 1.88 years

22. Mars No liquid water, but does have ice Atmosphere is 95% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Red color due to iron-rich rocks rusting Fun Facts: Has the largest volcano, 3X’s larger than Mt. Everest May have microscopic life (methane in atmosphere) Had liquid water in the past

23. *********Asteroid Belt********* 100,000 Asteroids & dwarf planet Ceres

24. The Outer Planets Called “Gas Giants” b/c much larger & made of gas… but inside is liquid b/c of pressure. No solid surface Have rings made of rock and ice Have many moons

25. Jupiter Diameter = 142,984 kmGravity = 2.36 X Earth Distance from Sun = 5.20 AU Ave. Temp. = -145 o C (surface) # of Moons = 63 Day = 9.9 hoursYear = 11.9 years

26. Jupiter Largest planet Atmosphere made of hydrogen (H) and helium (He) Great Red Spot = hurricane larger than Earth May have rocky core and liquid mantle

27. Saturn Diameter = 120,536 kmGravity = 1.06 X Earth Distance from Sun = 9.54 AU Ave. Temp. = -175 o C (surface) # of Moons = 61 Day = 10.7 hoursYear = 29.5 years

28. Saturn Atmosphere made of hydrogen (H) and helium (He). Has wide, thin rings made of ice and rock that orbit around Saturn Saturn in Infrared Light Saturn’s Rings in UV Light

29. Uranus (YOOR uh nus) Diameter = 51,118 kmGravity = 0.88 X Earth Distance from Sun = 19.2 AU Ave. Temp. = -224 o C (surface) # of Moons = 27 Day = 17.2 hoursYear = 83.8 years

30. Uranus Blue-green color from methane in atmosphere Rotates vertically (rolling instead of spinning)

31. Neptune Diameter = 49,528 kmGravity = 1.12 X Earth Distance from Sun = 30.07 AU Ave. Temp. = -228 o C (surface) # of Moons = 13 Day = 16.1 hoursYear = 163.8 years

32. Neptune Coldest Also blue due to methane in atmosphere Has clouds and storms

33. *********Kuiper Belt********* Dwarf planets Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea

34. *********Oort Cloud********* Where comets originate

35. Rules of the Solar System The closer a planet is to the Sun… – The shorter the year (revolution) – The hotter – Terrestrial (made of rock) – Smaller, less gravity, fewer moons

36. Rules of the Solar System The farther a planet is from the Sun… – The longer the year (revolution) – The colder – Gas Giant – More mass, more gravity, more moons

37. Add this to your notes Rotation = spin on axis = day Revolution = orbits the sun = year

38. Planetary Orbits are NOT round… They are elliptical