1. Examples of Commissioning Cost Savings Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance September 29, 2011 Marriott Birmingham, AL

2. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 What Are Trying to Avoid?

3. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Design Team or C x A? Chilled water valve is modulating to maintain AHU leaving air temperature at setpoint. Chilled water valve is modulating in a stable and uniform manner as required to maintain AHU leaving air temperature at setpoint without offset. Leaving air temperature setpoint is automatically adjusted as required to minimize reheat.

4. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Design Team or C x A? Water chillers are sequenced on and off as required to maintain chilled water supply temperature at setpoint. Water chillers are sequenced on and off in the most cost-effective manner possible as required to maintain chilled water supply temperature at setpoint and as required to ensure regular exercise of all equipment, automatic response in the event of an equipment failure, and regular exposure of all surfaces to water treatment chemicals.

5. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 TAB or C x A? Laboratory space pressure is negative with respect to the corridor during occupied and unoccupied modes of operation. Laboratory space pressure is negative with respect to the corridor during occupied and unoccupied modes of operation and during transitions from occupied mode to unoccupied mode and from occupied mode to unoccupied mode.

6. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 TAB or C x A? VAV terminal air flow modulates from minimum to maximum air flow settings as required to maintain space temperature at setpoint. VAV terminal air flow modulates from minimum to maximum air flow settings as required to maintain space temperature at setpoint. Minimum air flow setting is automatically reset during unoccupied periods to minimize reheat.

7. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Exhaust fan hardwired in an “always on” position [Mittal and Hammond 2008] Sample Findings Hot water valve motion impeded by piping layout [EMC no date (a)] Rust indicates poor anti- condensation heating control setpoints in supermarket refrigeration cabinet [Sellers and Zazzara 2004] Source: Evan Mills, LBNL, 7/21/2009

8. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Sample Findings Inadequate fan cooling and excessive fan power due to poor fit between the light fixture and ducting, causing significant duct leakage [Martha Hewett, MNCEE] Zone damper actuator arm broken (no temperature control) [Martha Hewett, MNCEE] Source: Evan Mills, LBNL, 7/21/2009 Masonry unit balanced on conduit above door [ASHE]

9. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Sample Findings Failed window film applications Building envelope moisture entry [Aldous 2008] Photosensor “sees” the electric lamps rather than task- plane illumination [Deringer 2008] Photosensor (for daylight harvesting) shaded by duct [Deringer 2008] Air leakage in an underfloor air- distribution system [Stum 2008]

10. Retro-Commissioning Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance September 29, 2011 Marriott Birmingham, AL

11. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Source: Evan Mills, LBNL, 7/21/2009

12. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Retro-Commissioning Process

13. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Process Frequency

14. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Energy Cost Reduction Opportunities Utility Rate Analysis Training and Education Unbundled Natural Gas Purchasing Power Factor Correction Lighting Controls and Retrofits Weekly Equipment Schedules Night Set-Back / Night Set-Up Supply Air Temperature Reset Minimum Airflow Settings Free Cooling

15. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Energy Cost Reduction Opportunities Building Pressure Control Variable Speed and Volume Control Pumping Modifications Air Terminal Settings Exhaust Fan Balancing Energy Management System (EMS) Tuning Review EMS Graphics

16. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Typical Commissioning Cost Source: Evan Mills, LBNL, 7/21/2009

17. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Operational Cost Savings Source: Evan Mills, LBNL, 7/21/2009

18. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Return on Investment Source: Evan Mills, LBNL, 7/21/2009

19. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Case Study A Item Before After Savings (%) Remarks Electricity Consumption (kWh)10,175,2008,884,60012.7 Average Peak Demand (kW)1,4991,4036.4 Electricity Consumption (kWh/SF/year)49.943.612.7 Average is 32 kWh/SF/year Electricity Load Factor (%)77726.7 Average Peak Demand (watts/SF)7.36.96.4 Natural Gas Consumption (MMBtu)35,50728,28320.3 Natural Gas Consumption (Therms/SF/year) 1.71.420.3 Average is 1.23 therms/SF/year Total Energy Consumption (MMBTU)70,23558,60616.6 Energy Utilization Index (kBTU per SF)39633016.6 Average is 232 kBTU/SF/year Total Energy Cost ($/year)1,121,614801,14128.6 Energy Cost Index ($/SF/year)5.503.9328.6Average is $2.85/SF

20. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Case Study A Retro- Commissioning Economics Retro-Commissioning Cost$55,000 ATC Retrofits$353,000 Infrastructure Upgrade$238,000 Total Cost ($)$646,000 Less Electrical Service($210,000) Less Water Chiller And Tower($250,000) Less Cath Lab AHU($90,000) Less CEP Expansion($218,000) Net Cost ($)($122,000)

21. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Case Study B ItemBeforeAfterSavings (%)Remarks Electricity Consumption (kWh)7,808,8005,249,80032.8 Average Peak Demand (kW)1,23092924.5 Electricity Consumption (kWh/SF/year)44.029.632.8Average is 32 kWh/SF/year Average Peak Demand (watts/SF)6.935.2324.5 Natural Gas Consumption (MMBtu)43,11423,52345.4 Natural Gas Consumption (Therms/SF/year) 2.431.3345.4Average is 1.23 therms/SF/year Total Energy Consumption (MMBTU)70,13741,45740.9 Energy Utilization Index (kBTU per SF)39323340.6Average is 232 kBTU/SF/year Total Energy Cost ($/year)916,182540,05841.1 Energy Cost Index ($/SF/year)5.163.0441.1Average is $2.85/SF

22. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Case Study B Retro-Commissioning Economics Preliminary Energy Audit$8,350 Phase 1A and 1B$199,439 Total Cost ($)$207,789 Simple Payback ~ 9 Months

23. Commissioning for Sustained Building Performance Building Performance Birmingham, AL Marriott 9/29/11 Questions Michael W. Hardy, PE, LEED ® AP, CCP Phone: (678) 254-1206 Email: mikewhardy@eaton.com