1. Chapter 7
The Baby’s Arrival

2. Journal
Read p. 215
How do expectant parents feel at the start of labor?
How are the likely to react?
What can the mother, coach, and other family members do to stay calm and pass the time?

3. The Beginning of Birth
Lightening: baby settles deep into the mother’s pelvis
Pressure is released from mother’s upper abdomen
Last few weeks parents become anxious for baby to be born.

4. Early Signs of Labor
Show: losing the mucus plug which seals the cervix through pregnancy
Cervix: the lower part of the uterus
Mucus: helps to prevent bacteria from moving into uterus
Sometimes woman has a trickle or even a gush of warm liquid from vagina- the membrane has broken.
Should note time it breaks

5. Early signs, continued
Contractions: tightening and releasing of muscle of the uterus
Get shorter and harder
Contractions end after birth- no lingering pain
False Labor
Contractions are not regular
Contractions do not become increasingly stringer
End if woman walks around

6. Stages of Labor 3 stages: Labor length depends on mother and baby
First: cirvix opens
Second: baby born
Third: placenta expelled
Labor length depends on mother and baby

7. First Stage Contractions prepare mother’s body to give birth
Contractions open cervix and thins it
Contractions get to lasting 60 seconds every 5-6 minutes
Baby moves further into lower pelvis
Head first: sometimes breech presentation

8. Transition Cervix becomes fully dilated
Contractions very strong, last longer (up to 90 seconds), and more frequent (2-3 minutes apart)
Usually most difficult part of labor

9. Second Stage of Labor
Contractions work to move baby out of birth canal
Mother encouraged to push
Hormone called “relaxin”
Pelvis
Birth Canal
Baby’s head- 5 flexible bones
Episiotomy

10. Birth Positions Many to choose from Part Sitting, Part Lying Squat
Birthing Chair
Lie on side
Traditional Table with foot rests

11. End of 2nd Stage Doctor Provides support to baby’s head
Forceps: special tongs made from surgical steel and shaped to fit baby’s head
Helps doctor control birth- more slowly or quickly

12. Third Stage of Labor Mother has a period of rest after baby is born
Then mother feels contractions again and an urge to push
Mother then pushes and delivers placenta
Birth process is complete
Doctor examines placenta to make sure all is delivered- serious illness may result from remaining parts of placenta

13. Birth Roundtable Activity
Pass a piece of paper around the table. Each group member should add a fact to the paper. Continue passing the paper until no one remembers anymore information.

14. Cesarean Birth
The delivery of a baby by making a surgical incision in the mother’s abdomen
Mother can sometimes remain awake during birth
1 person may be present
Mother has top recuperate from birth as well as major surgery

15. Newborn at Birth
For 1st time baby is not completely dependent on mother
During delivery baby’s lungs expand and fill with fluid in that may have been in trachea
Usually newborns breathe naturally on own
Sometimes must be helped by rubbing on back
Remaining fluid is suctioned out
Within a few minutes after birth the umbilical cords stops pumping and then begins to shrink

16. How does newborn look? Head is wobbly and large
Fontanels: open spaces in the baby’s head where the two spaces have not yet joined
Face swollen and puffy
Fat cheeks, short flat nose, and receding chin
Baby eyes are nearly adult size
Lanugo: fine, downy hair
Vernix- creamy rich substance
Milia- baby acne

17. Section 7-2
The Postnatal Period

18. Journal
Imagine what it must feel like for newborns to find themselves outside the dark, warm, confined space of the mother’s uterus.
List 5 phrases expressing the newborn’s reactions to the “outside world”

19. Examining the Newborn
Apgar Scale- A rating system used to evaluate a newborn’s physical condition an applied shortly after birth.

20. Examining the Newborn, continued
Usually done 1 minute after birth then 5 minutes after birth.
Baby is then examined to check for any conditions that may require special care.
The baby is then weighed, measured, and cleaned up.
The baby is identified by a foot print.
The baby then receives an identification bracelet on the ankle and the mother receives a matching bracelet.

21. Later Tests and Procedures
Within 1 hour of birth the baby is given drops of antiseptic in the eyes to prevent infection
The baby is also given a vitamin k shot to help with blood clotting.
In some hospitals a hearing test is given.
A blood sample is taken to test for problems

22. Bonding and Attachment
In most cases there are no problems and the mother and father can hold the baby.
Bonding- forming strong emotional ties between parent and child
Most birth centers now allow parents to hold the baby right away to begin bonding
The newborn instinctively focuses on the mother’s face
If the mother is breastfeeding, often the baby will be fed right away.
Colostrum- the first milk produced by a woman’s breast after childbirth, which is easy to digest and rich in antibodies to protect the baby from disease

23. The Hospital Stay
The stay differs from child to child, mother to mother, and hospital to hospital.
Some families go home as early as 12 hours.
Insurance companies many times dictate how long the mother will stay.
Some conditions do not appear until a few days after birth
Jaundice- a yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by having too much bilirubin- a chemical in the body. A special light is used for this condition

24. Rooming-In Many hospitals now having a rooming-in program.
In this program the baby may stay in the family’s room day and night instead of the nursery.

25. Legal Documents
Birth Certificate- most important piece of identification anyone has.
The hospital or birthing center helps the parents fill this document out.
Social Security number- application is also filled out at the hospital.

26. Premature Babies Between 5-6 percent of babies born are premature.
Premature- born before 37 weeks and weigh less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces
These babies require special care
Incubator- an enclosed crib where the oxygen supply, temperature, and humidity can be closely controlled

27. Postnatal Care of the Mother
Postnatal period: the period after birth
Physical Needs:
Rest- the mother should rest when the baby does
Exercise- as soon as the doctor approves
Nutrition- eating right just as important now as when pregnant
Medical checkup- 6 weeks check up
Emotional needs: “baby blues”

28. Review
Complete p

29. Section 3 A New Family Member
Chapter 7
Section 3
A New Family Member

30. Journal
Pearl S. Buck (writer, teacher, and humanitarian) once noted, “Who can gaze at a newborn baby, and not wonder again at the miracle?”
What did Buck mean? In what ways are newborns miraculous?

31. Reflexes Reflexes- instinctive, automatic responses
Examples: sneezing and yawning
Some reflexes continue through life, but some last only until the baby develops voluntary control of his or her body
Rooting Reflexes: Baby’s automatic response when touch on the lip or cheek; baby turns to find food; stops around 4 months

32. Reflexes, continued
Grasp Reflex: automatic response to close the hand over anything that comes into contact with the palm
begins to weaken around 3 months when babies begin to reach for objects
Disappears around 1 year
Startle Reflex: response to a loud noise or touch on the stomach
Legs are thrown up, fingers spread, and arms are first extended and then brought back rapidly while the fingers close in a grasping action
Disappears around 5 months old.

33. Caring for the Newborn
It takes time for new parents to feel comfortable caring for a baby.
Soon they gain confidence and become accustomed to the baby’s way of communicating.

34. What Do Babies Need? Food: newborns show hunger with their whole body
Hungry newborns want food immediately
Fulfilling this need quickly helps them learn the can trust the world
Sleep: sleep and wake throughout the night
A newborn sleeps an average of 15 hours per day
Exercise: moving their arms and legs helps develop muscles and nervous system

35. Needs, continued
To be kept safe, clean, and warm: diaper and bathe babies to keep clean
An adult should keep an eye on the baby at all times
Check all clothing, toys, and the home for safety
Medical Care: periodic checkups to make sure the baby is developing normally and get immunizations

36. Needs, continued
Things to look at, touch, listen to, and play with: stimulating surroundings help babies learn
Love: need close contact with warm, affectionate adults
Makes baby feel at ease and secure

37. What do Parents Need? Parents should forget their own needs!
Knowledge of how to care for a newborn
Resources that can answer questions
Time to fill many roles
Emotional support
Financial planning
Reassurance and confidence that both parents are capable and needed
Agreement about parenting and household responsibilities
Personal health, rest, and nutrition
Privacy and time alone

38. Adjusting to New Routines
Newborns need several weeks to settle into any predictable pattern of eating and sleeping
Early Temperament: temperament is the style of reacting to the world and relating to others

39. Chapter Review
P. 244 reviewing the facts 1-9