1. GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
Concepts, Policies, Principles and Mandates
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT:
AN EXECUTIVE APPRECIATION
Commission on Audit
May 19, 2009

2. OBJECTIVES
1. Better understanding, appreciation and support to government’s gender equality policy and strategies
2. Improved capability to use the GAD Budget

3. COVERAGE The GAD budget: Making it work (without tears)
GAD concepts, principles, and mandates
The GAD budget: Making it work (without tears)

4. GAD concepts, principles, and mandates
Part I
GAD concepts, principles, and mandates

5. Attaining a full and satisfying life for all! What’s the bottomline?
DEVELOPMENT:
What’s the bottomline?
Attaining a
full and
satisfying life
for all!

6. of everyone, regardless of
Attaining a full and satisfying life for all is a shared responsibility...
of everyone, regardless of
age, sex, religion, ethnicity
or class
of government as duly mandated authority
of those who benefit or suffer
from the lack of it

7. the capacity TO DO and the capacity TO BE
For individuals, the performance of this responsibility requires:
the capacity TO DO
and
the capacity TO BE

8. protecting people’s rights
For governments, the responsibility to promote the attainment of a full and satisfying life for all means --
protecting people’s rights
creating opportunities for the development of peoples’ abilities and individual strengths

9. building of roads and other infrastructures,
Peoples’ capacity TO DO and TO BE may be enhanced through a variety of government efforts, such as:
building of roads and other
infrastructures,
providing social services,
creating economic opportunities, etc.
BUT THESE ARE NOT ENOUGH . . .

10. Infrastructures, social services, and economic opportunities that don’t take into consideration the different needs of women and men and their rights, are bound to --
disadvantage women,
fail in attaining their desired results,
and cause wastage of resources.

11. GENDER:
What is it?

12. SEX refers to natural biological attributes of women and men;
GENDER is often confused with SEX, but they are different
SEX refers to natural biological attributes of women and men;
unchanging and universal
GENDER refers to characteristics, roles, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes and other factors attributed to women and men by society

13. GENDER: What’s the big fuss?
culturally ascribed, changing,
misconceived as “natural”
box and limit women and men’s capabilities to do and to be
need to be considered in
making decisions and allocating resources

14. Then, what is Gender and Development?
a globally - recognized development perspective; acknowledges that development affects people differently
women’s roles are important and should be maximized
women and men should be assisted in attaining their full potentials
advocates that planning deliberately address the unique needs and situations of women

15. GAD is about recognizing that gender biases IMPEDE development
because:
they prevent people from attaining
their full potentials
they exacerbate social inequity
they distort understanding of social realities and limit the impacts of
development efforts

16. GAD is about being faithful to the principle that:
development is for all!

17. Full equality and development for women and men is anchored on a vision of development that is equitable, sustainable, and free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination, and the actualization of human potentials, and participatory and empowering..

18. Development planning and practice should:
KEY PRINCIPLES
Development planning and practice should:
deliberately ADDRESS OBSTACLES to
women’s effective participation and enjoyment f benefits
EXPAND women’s range of CHOICES
and OPPORTUNITIES
STRENGTHEN their capabilities to attain a full and satisfying life
BRIDGE the gender gap
PROMOTE gender equality

19. CEDAW Concluding Comments
Translation of CEDAW in national legislation
Revision of discriminatory provisions in national laws
Strengthening of the national machinery on women
Elimination of violence against women
Elimination of gender stereotyping
Implementation of the Anti-trafficking in Persons Act and elimination of exploitation in prostitution
Elimination of exploitation in prostitution

20. CEDAW Concluding Comments
Promotion and protection of women migrants’ rights
Participation of women in public and political life
Lessening the adverse impact of trade liberalization to women
Promotion and protection of women’s reproductive health and rights
Empowerment of rural, indigenous and Muslim women
Acquisition of legal divorce
Engendering the MDGs
Linking CEDAW, BPFA and MDG

21. Beijing Platform of Action, 1995 (4th World Conference on Women
Strategic actions to realize women’s
advancement in 12 areas:
- poverty education and training
- health violence against women
- armed conflict institutional mechanisms
- human rights power and decision making
- media economy
- environment girl child

22. MDGs GOAL 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
GOAL 5: Improve maternal health

23. Constitution
The State recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall promote the fundamental equality before the law of women and men
(Art. II, Sec. 14)

24. Part II
GAD BUDGET POLICIES
Making GAD Budget Work

25. MANDATES ON THE GAD BUDGET
RA 7192 (Women in Development and Nation Building Act)
“In support of the full benefits of gender-responsive planning, external and domestic resources shall be increasingly mobilized for utilization by national and local government agencies to support programs and projects for women.”

26. RA 7192 All government agencies shall review and
revise all their regulations, circulars,
issuances, and procedures to remove
gender biases therein
Allocate 5-30 percent of ODA to
programs and projects for women

27. Executive Order 273 (Philippine Plan for Gender-responsive Development, 1995-2025)
“All government agencies, departments, bureaus, offices and instrumentalities, including government-owned and controlled corporations, at the national and local levels are directed to incorporate GAD concerns in their annual budget proposals and work and financial plans.”

28. EO 273 To institutionalize GAD efforts in
government by incorporating GAD concerns, as spelled out in the Plan, in their planning, programming and budgeting processes to:
… incorporate GAD … in agency
performance contracts indicating KRAs
for GAD … and annual agency budget
proposals and work and financial plans
(EO 273, )

29. Section 29, General Appropriations Act (GAA), 2009
“All departments, including their attached agencies, offices, bureaus, SUCs, GOCCs, LGUs and other instrumentalities shall formulate a GAD Plan designed to address gender issues.. The cost of implementing the GAD Plan shall be at least 5% of the agency’s FY 2009 budget appropriations

30. DBM, NEDA and NCRFW Joint Circular 2004-01
Provides NGAs/SUCs/GOCCs with
(a) Guidelines and procedures for the formulation and submission of agency annual GAD plans and budgets, and GAD accomplishment reports
(b) Mechanics for the development of PAPs that promote gender-responsive governance, women’s human rights and women’s economic empowerment

31. Why a GAD Budget?

32. Attaining gender equality requires systematic planning
A plan, no matter how great it is, is only as good as its implementation

33. … a GAD plan without a budget is a joke!
A plan without a budget cannot be implemented effectively if it does not have a budget
Thus,
… a GAD plan without a budget is a joke!

34. A GAD Plan is a MUST in GAD budgeting. A GAD budget without
a GAD plan is a disaster.

35. The GAD budget is the cost of implementing the GAD Plan.

36. CHALLENGES GAD plans submitted only for compliance
Lack of sex-disaggregated data crucial for gender analysis and GAD planning
Weak political and popular support
Limited technical capabilities and expertise of agencies and LGUs on gender planning and budgeting
Inability to influence mainstream macro policies and programs and total budget
Lack of mechanisms to track progress and measure impact; monitoring

37. WAYS FORWARD
with
COA

38. The Gender Budgeting Forum of May 2008…
The Philippines as FIRST in Asia to conduct a Gender Budget Audit
Affirmed COA as a POWERFUL BODY to monitor and prevent agencies from misuse of the GAD budget
The GAD FOCAL POINT of CLARRDEC was reinstated as a result of COA’s Gender Budget Audit

39. ACTIONS FOR COA Issue the guidelines for Gender budget audit
Include state obligations to human rights treaties incl CEDAW
Include ODA and GAA
Continue calling attention of agencies and LGUs re GAD budget in audit findings
Document good practices in utilization of the GAD budget

40. Thank You!