1. Anca Bucur Psychologist, psychotherapist 24 – 25 February 2015 Trauma recovery coaching

2. Patterns of thinking - feeling –behavior on refugee population Loneliness Guilt Inadequate in the new culture Helplessness, hopelessness Sense of loosing identity Felling uprooted Disoriented, feeling lost Mental blocked, freeze Mental and emotional confusion Mistrust, suspicious Feeling vulnerable, weak;

3. Traumas which can be found among refugees people Mutilating traditional practices (eg. female genital mutilation) Domestic violence tolerated or social encouraged; Violence acts made by the police, judges and other state’s authorities ; Forced abortions (to have only boys) or forced pregnancies; Trafficking, prostitution and rape (intra-familial, criminal or mass); Extreme violence in conflict situations (using women as living shields or "tools" for demining); Physical or psychological torture.

4. Psychological torture methods Improper detention conditions; Deprivation of normal sensory stimulation, Humiliation, Threats to: personal/family death, family injury, future torture, imprisonment, mock executions; Psychological techniques to crash the human personality, ex. forced betrayals, impossible choices, getting used to the feeling of helplessness, exposure to ambiguous situations or contradictory messages; Taboos violation and punish some behaviors such as the use of practices against one's religious believes (eg forcing Muslims to eat pork); Forced to assisting at the torture and other atrocities being inflicted on others human beans.

5. Psychological consequences of trauma - symptoms - Reliving the traumas / flashbacks; Avoidance behaviors and emotional anesthesia; Hyperexcitability; Sleep disorders; Depressive symptoms ; Distortion the self image; Dissociation, depersonalization; Somatic complaints; Sexual dysfunction; Psychosis; Substance Abuse.

6. Possible diagnosis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); Depression; Generalized Anxiety – excessive anxiety in relation to events or activities; Panic attacks - recurrent and unexpected attacks of intense fear or discomfort, which involves symptoms such as sweating, choking, trembling, rapid heart rate, dizziness or chills. Phobias - social, agoraphobia, etc.

7. Avoiding re-traumatization during coaching sessions Creating an ambience that inspires safety; Show empathy towards the client’s experiences and cultural environment of origin country; Explain the goals and the conduct of the session; Setting the limits of confidentiality; Giving breaks or postpone the session if need; Select very careful the interpreter; Finish the meeting in a positive/optimistic manner;

8. Directions to follow in trauma coaching - elements of recovery – Hope - Finding and nurturing hope is a key to recovery; Secure base – Appropriate housing, a sufficient income, freedom from violence and adequate access to health care; Self - Recovery of a durable sense of self (if it had been lost or taken away) is an important element; Supportive relationships - A common aspect of recovery is the presence of others who believe in the person's potential to recover and who stand by them; Empowerment and Inclusion Coping strategies - The development of personal coping strategies (including self-management or self-help); Meaning - Developing a sense of meaning and overall purpose;

9. Few methods / exercise use in trauma coaching “Wheel of Life” - help the client to look at all areas of their life and consider them each in turn, allowing to see what is off balance “Understanding Emotions” – Put the clients in contact with their emotions; “What Do You Like About Me?” – Help clients to discover their strengths, skills, qualities and personality preferences ; “Daily Diary” - A way for clients to see themselves moving forward; “How we View the World” – How the mind delete, distort and generalize information both on a conscious and unconscious level; What are your Limiting Beliefs? - In order to move forward the client need to understand his /her own beliefs and which beliefs are limiting;