1. MATHEMATICAL DISABILITIES Reasoning, Computation, Making Connections

2. MATHEMATICS DISABILITY TYPES Arithmetic Disorders (disabilities) Mathematic Reasoning  Non-verbal  Social immaturity  Disorientation  Visual/motor, self-help  Problems in estimation; time and distance  Verbalizing problems  Associated with reading/literacy/language learning  Connections with reading and writing: dyslexia, dysgraphia

3. MODELS OF INSTRUCTION Assessment and Progress Monitoring  Diagnosis: individualized, group-based, curriculum-based Curriculum: Evaluate and Adapt  Available curricular programs for struggling students (ways to differentiate)  Determine relevancy, create useful examples Teaching Tools and Methods  Manipulation  Step-by-step approaches  Constant time-delay  Means of correcting and positive feedback  Work for comprehension Adapting of Instruction  Providing real-world examples Learning Strategies

4. AS IN ALL THINGS, THERE ARE PREREQUISITES Teaching/Environment/Curriculum are ALL appropriate Determine and teach appropriate goals Task analysis of learning concepts

5. BASIC MATH SKILLS One-to-one Classification (size, color) Seriation

6. NUMERATION Understanding of numbers Estimating - Include in subject matter when possible. How much do you think? Regrouping - start with smaller numbers Understanding Zero - Placeholder 306

7. PLACE VALUE  Grouping by ones and tens – Manipulatives  Naming tens - Counting by tens  Use everyday items to illustrate place value, like school population.

8. LEARNING FRACTIONS Clearly explain and illustrate language and concepts Provide many examples Help discriminate different problem types (denominator)

9. COMMON COMPUTATIONAL ERRORS Spatial Organization - Graph paper Visual Detail - + or - read carefully Procedural Error - 5+5=5x5 Failure to shift operations - Monitor process Motoric Problems - Can’t read writing Memory Problems - time and opportunity Difficulty with zero - Ensure understanding

10. COMPUTATION AND CALCULATORS Help develop skills Improves attitude towards math Higher achievement

11. PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS FAST DRAW- FAST DRAW- Strategy for walking students through problem solving. Read for those who need it Reword Visualize Estimate Guide to answer

12. INTEGRATE MATH PROBLEM SOLVING INTO CURRICULUM Science Social Studies Language Arts