1. SOL 5
Ancient Greece

2. Greece
Physical geography of the Aegean Basin shaped the economic, social, & political development of Greece.
The expansion of Greek civilization through trade & colonization, led to the spread of Hellenistic culture across the Mediterranean.

3. Geography Located on the Balkan and Peloponnesus peninsula
You SHOULD be able to locate Athens, Sparta, and Macedonia

6. Economic, Social, & Political Development
Limited arable land due to mountains
Commerce & the spread of Hellenic culture
Shifted from a barter economy to money economy
The Mountainous terrain created separate city-states.
Isolated the cities; made them independent.
Greek cities were designed to promote civic & commercial life
Poor farm land and overpopulation caused them to colonize in search of arable (farmable) land

7. Religion Greek Mythology The important gods Polytheistic
Offered explanations on: Natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events
The important gods
Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite
Hint: If it is NOT a name of a planet, then it’s probably Greek.
Symbols & images in Western literature, art & architecture

8. Social Athens – Direct Democracy Sparta- Oligarchy
All citizens were FREE ADULT MALES who had political rights and civic (government) responsibility
NO women, slaves, or foreigners allowed!

9. Athens Evolution of Government: Important people are Draco and Solon
Monarchy to Aristocracy to Tyranny to Direct Democracy
Important people are Draco and Solon
They were Tyrants who pushed for reform (Change)
Known for Direct Democracy , Public debate, & duties of the citizen

10. Sparta Government style was an OLIGARCHY
Means rule by a small group of people
Very militaristic and aggressive
*Remember the movie 300

11. Persian Wars Persia v. Athens and Sparta (United) Important battles
Marathon and Salamis
Result
Greece won, which allowed Athens to preserve its independence and continue innovations in government and culture
Also known as the Golden Age of Pericles

12. Peloponnesian War
Athens (Delian League) v. Sparta (Peloponnesian League)
Sparta won
Result- slowing of culture and weakening of political power in Greece

13. Golden Age of Pericles When? What happened?
Mostly between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
What happened?
Pericles extended democracy
Athens is rebuilt (Parthenon)

14. Important People Aeschylus and Sophocles—Drama
Homer (Iliad and Odyssey) – Poetry
Herodotus and Thucydides – History
Phidias – Sculpture
Archimedes and Hippocrates (Medicine) – Science
Euclid and Pythagoras – Mathematics
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle (SPA) - Philosophy

15. Parthenon

17. Macedonia and Hellenistic culture
Philip II
King of Macedon and Conquered most of Greece
Alexander the Great
Established an Empire from Greece to Egypt and parts of India
Adopted Greek culture & spread Hellenistic influences throughout his empire
Extended Greek cultural influences
Hellenistic Age
Blend of Greek and oriental elements
Spread through trade (& conquest)

18. Alexander’s Empire

19. Show Me What You Know

20. Which list would best describe the people in the picture. A
Which list would best describe the people in the picture? A. Roman Gods & Goddesses B. Greek Gods & Goddesses C. Norse Gods & Goddesses D. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses
Picture of Zeus, Hades, Apollo, Hera, Aphrodite, Athena, Ares, Poseidon, Hephaestus & Artemis.

21. The Parthenon was rebuilt by this man, who also extended democracy. A
The Parthenon was rebuilt by this man, who also extended democracy. A. Pericles B. Xerxes C. Hercules D. Draco

22. What is an oligarchy? Rule by people Rule by a king/queen
Rule by a tyrant
Rule by a small group

23. What was the biggest significance of the Persian Wars?
Athens & Sparta realized their differences were too great, and they had to fight each other
Athens & Sparta united against a common enemy, the Persian Empire.
It left Greece weak & vulnerable to attack by King Philip II of Macedon
Sparta was able to preserve its independence and continue innovations in government & culture

24. What was the biggest significance of the Peloponnesian War?
Athenian victories at Marathon & Salamis left the Greeks in charge of the Aegean Sea
Athens & Sparta united against a common enemy, the Persian Empire.
It left Greece weak & vulnerable to attack by King Philip II of Macedon
Sparta was able to preserve its independence and continue innovations in government & culture

25. Which leader conquered most of Greece, & became its leader, after the Peloponnesian War?
Alexander the Great
Ivan the Great
Philip II
Ramses II

26. Which leader had an empire that stretched this far. A
Which leader had an empire that stretched this far? A. Alexander the Great B. Darius the Great C. Ramses the Great D. Ivan the Great

27. “I swear to fulfill to the best of my ability this covenant: I will do no intentional harm, I will try to benefit the sick, I will respect the privacy of my patients…”
Which of the following Greeks would have made this quote? A. Sophocles B. Homer C. Herodotus D. Hippocrates