2. Winter Ecology

3. Why is it cold in winter? We’re farther away from the sun? NO!! We’re tilted away from the sun? YES!!

5. Scranton, PA

6. Scranton, PA Weather Records

8. Types of Snow Crystals: The most basic snow crystal is a hexagonal prism and can come in many shapes and sizes. The prism has 8 sides: 2 surfaces known as basal facets and 6 prism facets.

9. How does a dull hexagonal ice crystal make such beautiful and elaborate flakes? The intricate flakes come from the condition in which the ice crystals are formed.

10. Types of Snow Flakes Simple Prisms

11. Plates

12. Stellar Dendrites

13. Fernlike Stellar Dendrites

14. Columns, Needles and Capped Columns

15. Triangular Crystals

16. 12 Sided Snowflake

17. Life History of a Snowstorm Powder Destructive metamorphism Constructive metamorphism Melt metamorphism

18. Powder

19. Destructive Metamorphism

20. Quin-zhee- Athabascan origin

21. Constructive Metamorphism Temperature gradient in snowpack…where is it warmer, top or bottom? Ice sublimates, vapors moving up Warmer top melts a little, joining grains as it refreezes Lower sublimation continues, leaving depth hoar Creates subnivean zone Destabilizes snow pack…avalanche danger!

23. Scranton, PA…. A Winter Vacationland?

24. Northern Shrike Common Redpoll

25. Evening Grosbeaks “Flying Pigs”

28. Short-eared Owls

30. Rough-legged Hawk

32. What Do Organisms Do in Winter? Die Migrate Hibernate Stay and tough it out!

34. DIE?

36. Why Migrate? The Pro’s ? The Con’s DANGEROUS! (more than half never return) DANGEROUS!! (going to unknown area; hiding places, food sources, etc.) DANGEROUS!!! (already inhabited with competitors)

37. Who Migrates? Many organisms do...

38. ... Even Mammals

41. Stay and Tough it Out

44. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2SoGHFM18I

47. Freeze

48. What do ‘herps’ do in winter?

50. Avoid Freezing Garter Snake hibernaculum in Canada

51. Winter Insects

52. Winter Insects and Invertebrates

55. Animal Tracks in the Snow.

56. Opossum Pacer

57. Beaver

58. Black Bear Tracks Pacer Front 5 in. L X 5 in. W Hind 7 in L X 5 in. W

59. Bobcat Notice you don’t see any claws. Diagonal Walker

60. Coyote Diagonal WalkerNotice the claws

61. Raccoon Pacer

62. Gray Squirrel Gray Squirrel are Hoppers.

63. Wild Turkey Diagonal Walker