1. Eduworks Corporation The Global Framework for E-Learning What’s Hot and What’s Not Robby Robson President, Eduworks Corporation Chair, IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee rrobson@eduworks.com Centre For Constructive and Experimental Mathematics Simon Fraser University September 25, 2003

2. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 2 Outline 1. GRAPHICAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD 2. WHAT’S HOT & WHAT’S NOT  Architectures  Repositories  Content Reusability  Distributed Networks 3. SOME PROJECTS GETTING STARTED  NSDL Reusability & Interoperability  Enhancing the Searching of Mathematics  A Curriculum of Learning Objects 4. WISH LIST 5. FINAL THOUGHTS 6. DISCUSSION

3. Eduworks Corporation GRAPHICAL HISTORY OF THE (E-LEARNING) WORLD

4. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 4 E-Learning Hype Cycle Courtesy RCA Wilson

5. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 5 Evolution of Technology 19961997199819992000200120022003 JavaScript in HTML Java Frameworks ASP / Cold Fusion Services Model File-basedDatabase-Based Repository-Based Content Players Content Interoperability Content Reusability Distributed Network Client / Server Global Network?

6. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 6 Evolution of Standards Bodies 19961997199819992000200120022003 DLF (1995) SIF ARIADNE AICC (1988) ADL IMS IEEE LTSC JTC1 SC36 EdNA (1994) ALIC OKI OASIS CEN/ISSS WS-LT W3C (1994) ebXML EICA CanCore Dublin Core (1995) HLA (1994) MERLOT NSDL HR-XML CONSOR- TIUM

7. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 7 Evolution of Learning Technology Standards (Simplified Version) 19961997199819992000200120022003 CREATE NEW WORLD ORDER GET CONTENT TO WORK GET SYSTEMS TO INETEROPERATE The Wider World

8. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 8 Conversational Convergence Universal  All sectors (Private, Education, Government, etc.)  All geographic regions  All technologies (E-learning, Content Management, Knowledge Management, Human Performance Improvement) Conversations  Get down to business  Local needs and global desires  Content is content  A need for tools  On the standards front – a need for clarity

9. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 9 Challenges to Overcome Different Cultures and Languages  From country to country  From sector to sector Different Business Models  From country to country  From sector to sector Economic Barriers Even time zones are tough! Lack of Experience  With the Internet  With the technology Problems of Scale  Wal-Mart: 1.2 Million  BECTA (Work force Ed in U.K.): 6 Million  But it has to work for a schoolroom or small company, too...

10. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 10 Email from 22 July, 2003 “We are making small but steady steps. We are acquiring new customers at a good rate/month and have *almost* completed a robust product. We have decided to put SCORM support on the sideline for the time being (given the very low demand we encounter in the med/small company market and the speed with which the specs evolve). We are focused only on our web-based, hosted e- learning software.”

11. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 11 And Small Communities of Practice (Email from Sep 22, 2003)... “I have to agree that spam is a serious concern for these registries of mathematicians. In fact I predict that most of the recipients of this proposed message would consider it spam: > IMU-Net 2 will come out in November and will be sent to a list of more > than 40,000 e-mail addresses of mathematicians the world over. I don't see why mathematicians should be advised yet again to have a good personal home page. This idea started making the rounds 10 years ago. Compilations of home page URLs (including special ones for mathematicians) were also popular at that time, when the Web was new. Google led to their demise.”

12. Eduworks Corporation What’s Hot … And What’s Not

13. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 13 JavaScript in HTML Java Frameworks ASP / Cold Fusion Services Model

14. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 14 Right Now - Functional Architectures Stable Models Stable Product categories

15. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 15 Content Authoring Tools Catalog Manager Content Assembly Tools Learner Registrar Delivery Environment Content Repository and Offering Catalog Learning Planner Collaborative Environment Learner Profile Manager Activity Info Offerings Profile Info Register Info Offerings Goals Plans Learner Info Profile Info Activity Info Assessment / Testing Engine Results Info Profile Info Assessment Objects Learning Offerings Content Objects Recorded Events Learning Objects Learning Objects Component Model – from late 2001. (Still works!)

16. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 16 Content Authoring Tools Catalog Manager Content Assembly Tools Learner Registrar Delivery Environment Content Repository and Offering Catalog Learning Planner Collaborative Environment Learner Profile Manager Activity Info Offerings Profile Info Register Info Offerings Goals Plans Learner Info Profile Info Activity Info Assessment / Testing Engine Results Info Profile Info Assessment Objects Learning Offerings Content Objects Recorded Events Learning Objects Learning Objects Enterprise LMS

17. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 17 Content Authoring Tools Catalog Manager Content Assembly Tools Learner Registrar Delivery Environment Content Repository and Offering Catalog Learning Planner Collaborative Environment Learner Profile Manager Activity Info Offerings Profile Info Register Info Offerings Goals Plans Learner Info Profile Info Activity Info Assessment / Testing Engine Results Info Profile Info Assessment Objects Learning Offerings Content Objects Recorded Events Learning Objects Learning Objects LCMS

18. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 18 Content Authoring Tools Catalog Manager Content Assembly Tools Learner Registrar Delivery Environment Content Repository and Offering Catalog Learning Planner Collaborative Environment Learner Profile Manager Activity Info Offerings Profile Info Register Info Offerings Goals Plans Learner Info Profile Info Activity Info Assessment / Testing Engine Results Info Profile Info Assessment Objects Learning Offerings Content Objects Recorded Events Learning Objects Learning Objects Course Management System (VLE)

19. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 19 Service Architectures and Frameworks: What’s Hot Communities are driving them  SchoolNet, SIF, Education.au, EduSource … Vendors are supporting them Standards groups producing them  IMS, OKI, SCORM 2.0, etc.

20. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 20 And What’s Not Stability is needed Installed bases make it hard to change architectures Re-usable Design is not Interoperability  Comes from local thinking  Leads to too many frameworks  THIS IS A MAJOR ISSUE IN THE RESEARCH / MATHEMATICAL COMMUNITY

21. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 21 File-basedDatabase-Based Repository-Based

22. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 22 ARIADNE  Now a European foundation, focused on content, metadata & tools EDUSOURCE  Enabling collaborative generation of learning objects EUROPEAN SCHOOLNET  Instructions for adding local repositories; cross-cultural National Science Digital Library (U.S.)  Over 60 collections, tens of thousands of records, hundreds of thousands in user communities MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching)  Providing peer review, a value-added service VIMS (Virtual Image Management System – U.S. Military)  SCORM conformant, Accessible (Section 508), DRM enabled Rich Media Repository D-SPACE and other projects  Open source out-of-the-box solution EdNA, The Le@rning Federation Hot: Growing Number of Projects

23. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 23 Hot: A Growing Number of Products New releases of Enterprise LMS / LCMS New entrants into the VLE (Course Management System) space Pure Learning Object Repository products Content Management Systems  With learning components / standards JSTOR, Digital Mathematics Library & Similar Plus … help from the Library Community  Centuries of experience  Stable standards  Installed user base

24. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 24 Not: “Learning Object Repository”  A conglomeration of undefined terms is an excellent tool for hype Business models? Searches still find too little that’s good … or worse … too much. Objects in professional communities of practice are  Not granular (JSTOR)  Not exposed

25. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 25 Content Players Content Interoperability Content Reusability

26. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 26 Reusable Content (Learning Objects): What’s Hot Lot’s of Activity Emergence of Object Models (next slide)  Provide common vocabulary  Map to standards and technology  Identify pedagogic pressure points Potential to Increase Value

27. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 27 Learnativity Object Model and SCORM / AICC eLearning Knowledge Management C o n t e x t a n d C o m p l e x I t y R e u s a b i I I t y _ + Sharable Content Asset (SCA)

28. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 28 Standards and Technology Help CONTEXT REUSE THE TARGET QUADRANT Without With current generation Some Day? Less Value More Value

29. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 29 Learning Objects: What’s Not Hot: The Definition Aggregation instead of Disaggregation Work instead of workflow Theory instead of effectiveness

30. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 30 Distributed Network Client / Server

31. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 31 Education on the Open Network: MIT Open Courseware Initiative Server Hits, May & June 2003 (Taken from Wired, August 2003) Top 10 Courses 1.Problems of Philosophy 2.Laboratory Software Engineering 3.Introduction to Electronics 4.Hands-on Astronomy: Observing Stars and Planets 5.Linear Algebra 6.Calculus with Applications 7.Introduction to Modeling and Simulation (Nuclear Eng.) 8.Electricity and Magnetism 9.Logistical and Transportation Planning Methods (EE & CS) 10.Introduction to Marketing Top 10 Nations (Other than U.S.) 1.Canada (3.9 Million) 2.Germany (3.6 Million) 3.South Korea (3.2 Million) 4.Brazil (3.2 Million) 5.U.K.(3.1 Million) 6.Japan (3.1 Million) 7.France (3.0 Million) 8.China* (2.6 Million) 9.India (2.5 Million) 10.Australia (1.4 Million) *2 Million from Hong Kong &.6 Million from the PRC (where the government blocked access until February of 2003)

32. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 32 America’s Army – Released July 4, 2002 Digital emigrants have settled the world Natives will define it

33. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 33 Big Issue (Hot and Not): Digital Rights Management and Intellectual Property Rights Intellectual Property Rights and Laws can no longer conveniently be ignored DRM is needed for  Content development workflows  Federating repositories  Sharing knowledge based on trust: “I didn’t want to email it because it’s still draft and in confidence.” DRM  Often confused with enforcement (e.g. RIAA)  Guided by multimedia and communications industries  Subject to patents Intellectual Property Rights and Laws  Differ around the globe  Often don’t make sense

34. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 34 A Fundamental Shift in DRM Client / Server Model  Content delivered and consumed  Copyright restrictions & licenses enforced at point of consumption  Authorization based on role  Possession is 9/10 of the law – have content, can distribute! Distributed Network Model  Content flows through network  Content can change during its lifecycle  Conditions, permission, constraints etc. relevant at each stop in lifecycle  Distribution rights as important as usage rights  Rights governed by contract, not possession  Need to handle attribution, creative commons, etc.  DRM = Routing of Intellectual Property

35. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 35 Status of “Distributed Rights Management” Persistent DRM Technology is being prototyped  COLIS Project  VIMS Project  Microsoft RMS Standards emerging A Long Way to Go

36. Eduworks Corporation SOME PROJECTS GETTING STARTED

37. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 37 NSDL Reusability & Interoperability Creating guidelines for the generation of reusable and interoperable content Target 1. People who write the content 2. Repositories who store the content Create “WAI” site for reusability  Simple guidelines that do a lot  Sections on domain specific tools Partners: MERLOT, ENC, MathDL Mathematics example community of practice with respect to authoring tools Just getting started...

38. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 38 Enhancing the Searching of Mathematics Part of NSDL (PI is Robert Miner of Design Science) Three Parts Experiment with three search techniques:  Hold Conferences  Assemble Test Collection  Experiment with three search techniques: 1. Metadata-based 2. Tree normalization (inherent in MathML) and pattern matching 3. Presentation to content conversion, followed by computational comparison

39. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 39 A Curriculum of Learning Objects Canadian Project to create interactive grade 6 – 8 curriculum (Math Resources) Interesting points  Generation of metadata along a production workflow  Retaining “totipotence” of objects over a project lifespan and with concrete products  Assessment

40. Eduworks Corporation WISH LIST

41. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 41 DRM Ecosystems Models needed Practice needed Possible projects  Projects within the NSDL arena  Projects like VIMS  Projects like EduSource and EdNA

42. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 42 Enterprise Infrastructure Supported by evolution of standards Global community-driven Based on experimentation, grounded in practice Framework for Desktop Learning E-com HR CRM FIS SCM CM XXMS DBMS Change in approach to learning technology E-com HR CRM FIS SCM CM DBMS LMS Desktop E-com HR CRM FIS SCM CM XXMS DBMS LMS Desktop Applications E-com HR CRM FIS SCM CM XXMS DBMS LMS Desktop

43. Eduworks Corporation 25-Sep-03CECM: Global Framework for E-LearningPage 43 FINAL THOUGHTS Awareness Needed Experimentation Needed! Interoperability starts with people

44. Eduworks Corporation Discussion Contact information: rrobson@eduworks.com rrobson@eduworks.com