1. Teaching History TCH 347 Social Studies Methods in the Elementary School Department of Education Shippensburg University Han Liu, Ph. D.

2. Quotes  History is philosophy taught with examples.  (Lord Bolingbroke)  Trying to plan for the future without a sense of the past is like trying to plant cut flowers.  (Daniel Boorstin)  Knowledge of history is the precondition of political intelligence. (Nash & Crabtree)  Attitudes aren't taught, they're caught. If the teacher has an attitude of enthusiasm for the subject, the student catches that whether the student is in second grade or is in graduate school. (Margaret McFarland)

3. Historical Literacy  Historical Empathy  Time and Chronology  Cause and Effect  Continuity and Change

4. Themes & Standards  Civilization, Cultural Diffusion, Innovation  Human Interaction with the Environment  Value, Beliefs, Political Ideas, Institutions  Conflict and Cooperation  Comparative History of Major Developments  Patterns of Social and Political Interaction  Historical Chronology  Historical Comprehension  Historical Analysis and Interpretation  Historical Issue Analysis and Decision Making  Historical Research

5. History Comprehension  Examining relationships, including cause and effect, among important events from the era;  Identifying the sequence of these events and describing the setting and the people affected;  Analyzing and comparing interpretations of events from a variety of perspectives; and  Assessing the implications and long-term consequences of key decisions made at critical turning points.

6. Instructional Strategies  Time-line map as organizer  Concepts as organizer  People as organizer  Places as organizer  Events as organizer  Story telling  Role playing/Dress up history  Field trip  Messing-up and Re-organizing  Detective method  Mnemonics

7. Story Telling  Talking about teaching history, Barbara Tuchman said it in two words, "Tell stories." That's what history is: a story. And what's a story? E.M. Forster gave a wonderful definition to it: If I say to you the king died and then the queen died, that's a sequence of events. If I say the king died and the queen died of grief, that's a story. That's human. That calls for empathy on the part of the teller of the story and of the reader or listener to the story. The pleasure of history, like art or music or literature, consists of an expansion of the experience of being alive, which is what education is largely about.

8. Learning Strategies  Concepts  Concepts –Topics – Patterns – Themes – Generalizations  Topical  Pilgrims, Boston Tea Party, Great Depression, WW II  Inquiry-5W+H  what – When – Where - Who – Why - How  Formula:  Event – Time – Place – People – Cause – Results -- Implications

9. Language & Communication Skills  Receptive Skills  Reading  Listening  Expressive Skills  Speaking  Writing  Debating Skills

10. Memorize by Understanding  Understand the overarching framework, then filling details  Understand the historical documents, such as tables, charts, and graphs, etc.  Understand the temporal context  Understand the causes and results  Understand the decisions and consequences

11. Memorize by Comparing  Compare old and new  Compare the West with the East  Compare human behavior in different cultures  Compare the tools used today with those of the past

12. Memorize by Mile-Stones  Mayflower 1620  Declaration of independence 1776  First president 1789  Lewis and Clark expedition 1804  Civil War 1861  WW I 1914  Great Depression 1929  WW II 1945  Washington March 1963  Man first walking on the moon 1969

13. Memorize by Mnemonics  Organizing Items: " LATCH "  Location (e.g. left-to-right, floor-by-floor, toyshop/sweetshop etc)  Alpha-numeric (i.e. under A, B, C etc or by numerical sequence)  Time (e.g. by year-file, by monthly sequence, chronological order of receipt etc)  Category (e.g. fiction/non-fiction, red/green/blue, male/female etc)  Hierarchy (e.g. McCartney under B-Beatles, etc)

14. Links  National Center for History in he Schools  http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/nchs/ http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/nchs/  Best of History Website  http://www.besthistorysites.net/ http://www.besthistorysites.net/  History and Social Studies  http://www.academic-genealogy.com/historysocialstudies.htm http://www.academic-genealogy.com/historysocialstudies.htm  U.S. History  http://www.computerlab.kids.new.net/united_states_sites.htm http://www.computerlab.kids.new.net/united_states_sites.htm  New Deal  http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/lrRead04.html  Mnemonics of State & Capitals  http://unknownprogrammer.home.comcast.net/states/sindex.htm http://unknownprogrammer.home.comcast.net/states/sindex.htm  Lesson Plan  http://www.loc.gov/teachers/ http://www.loc.gov/teachers/

15. Sample Timelines  http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/strategy/strategy033.shtml http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/strategy/strategy033.shtml  http://library.thinkquest.org/C002942/timeline/index.shtml http://library.thinkquest.org/C002942/timeline/index.shtml