1. 1750 – 1914 Overview Periodization Question: Why 1750 –1914?

2. The Most Important Themes Industrialization Growing Globalization of Capital and Labor Imperialism Spread of New Ideologies and Reform Movements Dominance of the West, on sea & land

3. Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology Modes of Transportation/ communication ◦ Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph ◦ Suez Canal, Panama Canal

4. Suez Canal Suez canal opened in 1869

5. Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology Industrial Revolution ◦ Origins of I.R. – where, what and when ◦ Rationale of capitalism – Adam Smith ◦ Impact of I.R. on time, family, work, labor ◦ Relationship of nations during I.R. ◦ Intellectual responses to I.R. – Marxism, socialism

6. Fatcat Miner Power loom Milltown Streetchildren

7. Globalization Full emergence after 1850s How did it differ from earlier proto- globalization? ◦ Volume of goods exchanged ◦ Impact of exports and imports on local economies ◦ Transnational political agreements ◦ New levels of cultural globalization ◦ Caused significant regional environmental impacts  Ex. Rubber industry in Brazil led to deforestation

8. Demographic and Environmental Changes Migration – Immigration ◦ Why? ◦ Where?

9. Demographic and Environmental Changes End of Atlantic Slave Trade New Birthrate Patterns Disease prevention and eradication Food Supply

10. Changes in Social and Gender Structure Industrial Revolution Commercial developments Tension between work patterns and ideas about gender Emancipation of Serfs and Slaves

11. Changes in Social and Gender Structure Women’s emancipation movements

12. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Latin American Independence Movements Why? Simon Bolivar

13. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Revolutions ◦ Why Revolution now? ◦ Where?  United States (1776)  France (1789)  Haiti (1803)  Mexico (1910)  China (1911)

14. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Haitian Revolution Toussaint L’Ouverture

15. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Mexican Revolution

16. Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Chinese Revolution Dr. Sun Yat Sen Manchus

17. New Political Ideas Rise of Nationalism Growth of Nation-states/ empires

18. New Political Ideas Movements of Political Reform ◦ Jacobins in France ◦ Taiping Rebellion in China

19. New Political Ideas Rise of Democracy and its limitations ◦ Reform ◦ Women ◦ Racism ◦ Social Darwinism  Herbert Spencer

20. Rise of Western Dominance Patterns of Expansion Imperialism and Colonialism ◦ African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania  Ethiopia and Siam  Hawaii and New Zealand

21. Rise of Western Dominance Scramble for Africa

22. Rise of Western Dominance Economic, Political, Social, Cultural, & Artistic

23. Rise of Western Dominance Cultural and Political Reactions to western dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism, nationalism) ◦ Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration ◦ Russia– Reforms and Rebellions ◦ Siam and Ethiopia--defensive modernization ◦ China--Boxer Rebellion Impact of Changing European Ideologies on Colonial Administrations

24. Rise of Western Dominance ◦ Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration

25. Rise of Western Dominance ◦ China—Boxer Rebellion

26. Comparisons Industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan (causes and early phases) Revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Latin American and Chinese) Reaction to foreign domination in Ottoman empire, China, India and Japan.

27. Ottomans- 19 th century Young Turk Revolutionaries The Last Sultans

28. Comparisons Nationalism Forms of intervention in 19 th century Latin America and Africa Roles and conditions of upper/ middle versus working/ peasant class women in western Europe

29. European women 19 th century British family in India Queen Victoria’s family Russian peasant family

30. Continuities Traditional commerce, markets cont’d, new commercial innovations like department stores only controlled 5% of retail commerce Reactions to Western economic and military pressure were heavily influenced by local traditions Societies compensated for disruptions by appealing to traditional themes as a source of stability ◦ Ex. Thanksgiving in the US or the importance of the Emperor in Japan