2. Slavery Describe the conditions and impact on Africans

3. Dis-Africanization The act of stripping African peoples of their culture and traditions

4. Africans were called natives or savages African names were not used Derogatory names were used Renamed with a Christian name Native languages were not used

5. Slavery equals deliverance Slave life was better than life in Africa To be saved you must be Christianized Religion changed from Islamic to Christianity

6. The Middle Passage Ship board journey from Africa to the Americas Dreadful conditions

7. Native Americans: die from disease & harsh conditions Indentured Servants supply labor needs in early colonial period As competition for land increases land owners will shift from Indentures to slaves from Africa Labor in the Chesapaeke

8. Slavery in the Chesapeake 1 st Africans arrive in Jamestown in 1619 as Indentured Servants At first they toiled as indentured servants, later legislation will convert the indentures to servitude for life

9. 8 Royal African Company A London slave-trade monopoly was given to the Royal African Company in 1672. Set up by the Stuart family and London merchants Led by James, Duke of York, Charles II's brother. Slaves were branded with RAC on their chests. Between 1672 and 1689 it transported around 90,000– 100,000 slaves. The RAC Flag

10. 9 Virginia Slave Code Landowners began to include slaves in the grant process, giving them an additional 50 acres for every slave they owned. By 1700, the number of African slaves in Maryland and Virginia was about 19,000 This was 22% of the total population compared to 7% in 1680. In 1705, Virginia compiled a number of such slave laws to form the Virginia Slave Code.

11.  Georgia & South Carolina  Largest number of slaves  Worst conditions  Site of rice & indigo plantations  Majority of population

12. Slavery Continued  Virginia & Maryland  Minority of population  Variety of tasks  Limited movement

13. Slavery continued  New England & Middle Colonies  Smallest number of slaves  Greatest variety of occupations

14. Resistance  Work slow downs  Fake illness  Break tools  Violently rebel  Poison masters

15. Free Blacks  Very limited rights  Severe discrimination  Seen as a threat

16. From West Africa they were torn

17. A Tight Pack

18. Below Deck

19. Trade Routes

20. 19 Bacon's Rebellion Bacon's Rebellion, was ultimately a duel between two men, Sir William Berkeley, Colonial Governor of Virginia who served for some thirty years, and Nathanial Bacon, a planter who had moved from England to Virginia in 1674. In 1676, in response to an Indian raid on a plantation that left at least one man dead, Bacon began protesting the colonial response to Indian attacks and high taxes. Angered by the raid, Bacon insisted on the creation of a militia to rid the area of the perceived Indian threat. Instead, Berkeley opted to refortify the Virginia borders, a move Bacon found dissatisfying. As a result, Bacon formed his own army and began accosting Indians in the area.

21. 20 The Rebellion Bacon was originally arrested, yet was subsequently pardoned by Berkeley. Following his pardon the famed Bacon's Rebellion began. Able to incite large groups of farmers and planters to his cause, Bacon organized an informal army of his own, attacking settlements throughout Virginia. Bacon's Rebellion, consisting largely of disgruntled planters, farmers, and slaves, pillaged the area, ultimately burning Jamestown to the ground on September 19, 1676. Just over a month later, on October 26, Bacon died of natural causes. The rebellion floundered without him, and order was restored to Virginia. Outcome – more land Native American land opened to white settlement & a greater reliance on slave labor

22. 21 The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening

23. 22 John Locke One of the great philosophers of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. An Oxford scholar, medical researcher and physician, political operative, economist and ideologue According to Locke, we can know with certainty that God exists. We can also know about morality with the same precision we know about mathematics, because we are the creators of moral and political ideas. He gives us the theory of natural law and natural rights which he uses to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate civil governments.

24. 23 Upper Classes In the eighteenth-century, an American upper class had emerged and had begun to mimic their counterparts in England. This new socio-political elite was built largely on the growing trans-Atlantic commerce. During this same period, however, ordinary Americans made increased demands for “English liberties” in the face of aristocratic privilege and power. In 1705, Governor Joseph Dudley personified the reason many common Americans challenged established authority.

25. 24 Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards was the most famous and influential of America’s revivalist theologians. Expressive of two ideas: the ultimate power and majesty of God God’s amazing holiness. Edwards synthesized traditional Protestantism with Newton’s physics, Locke’s psychology, Shaftsbury's aesthetics, and Malebranche’s moral philosophy. He led the fervid religious revivalist movement that was dubbed “the Great Awakening.”

26. A History of Rebellion The Great Awakening – an outpouring of religious fervor during 1740’s – 1760’s 1. Response to softening of religious attitudes 2. Puritan beliefs were challenged – predestination questioned, free will determined your fate not God’s will 3. Earthly pursuits were surpassing the Sabbath

27. The Leaders New Light preachers Jonathon Edwards and George Whitfield Edwards – must be dependent on God’s grace Famous sermon, “Sinners in the hands of an Angry God”, sinners were like a spider suspended over a flame “Hell was paved with the skulls of unbaptized children” Whitfield – emotional orator who stressed human helplessness, Divine Omnipotence

28. The Great Awakening

29. Their Impact  Religious spirit rekindled, sinners must seek salvation  Emotional preaching over reason  Appeal to less educated and less affluent  Mid 1700’s conversion of African Americans  Larger role for women  Churches divide New Lights vs. Old Lights  New Light centers of learning (Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth)  Unifying effect on American people