1. Communicable Diseases DO NOW: What is a communicable disease? Are you affected by them? How do you get it? Make a list of what you think may be considered a communicable disease. 1

2. What is a communicable disease?? Disease spread from one living thing to another by a pathogen A pathogen is the organism that causes an infection An infection is when the pathogen enters the body, multiplies, and damages body cells 2

3. Diseases by Pathogen Viruses Bacteria Fungi Protozoans Rickettsias 3

4. Viruses Piece of genetic material covered by a protein coat. By themselves they are inactive; need living cells to reproduce Common viruses: common cold and Flu Viruses invade all types of life forms: Mammals Birds Insects Plants Bacteria 4

5. Viruses Piece of genetic material covered by a protein coat. By themselves they are inactive; need living cells to reproduce Common viruses: common cold and Flu Viruses invade all types of life forms: Mammals Birds Insects Plants Bacteria 5

6. How does a virus work? Penetrates a cell, called a host cell, and takes control of cell in order to manufacture new viruses New viruses burst from cell, killing cell and invading surrounding cells Viruses must run their course until the immune system kills them They cannot be cured with antibiotics 6

7. Latent Virus Virus becomes part of the cell hereditary material without immediately destroying cell. Can hide in host cell for a number of years At anytime virus can become active Examples of Latent viruses  cold sores, and chicken pox *The sign of a cold sore means the virus has become active; Chicken pox reappear as shingles. Most Latent viruses stay in the body for life 7

8. Other Viruses: Viral pneumonia, Hepatitis, polio, Mono, Measles, AIDS, Herpes, rabies 8

9. Bacteria Single-celled micro organism, live almost everywhere on earth Most bacteria are harmless, and many types are essential for life Some bacteria’s that are harmful release a toxin Toxin a substance that kills cells or interferes with their functions Bacteria can be treated with antibiotics or the immune system will eventually rid them from the body 9

10. Other forms of Bacteria Strep throat, Lyme disease, Bacterial meningitis, Bacterial food borne illness, Tuberculosis STD’s: Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Chlamydia 10

11. Lymes disease Tuberculosis 11

12. Fungi Plantlike organism such as mold or yeast Cause diseases of the skin: 1. Athletes foot 2. Diseases of the mucus 3. membranes, or of the lungs Examples: vaginal yeast infection, ringworm, athlete’s foot 12

13. How are Disease spread?? Direct Contact – directly contacting an infected person through: touching biting, kissing, sexual contact. Sneezing, coughing. From mother to unborn child Indirect Contact – you do not have to be close to the infected person to be infected by the pathogen Airborne Transmission – pathogen travel farther distances and stay in the air and are inhaled 13

14. Examples of Indirect Contact Contaminated Objects – phone, table, door handles, any other shared objects Vectors- an organism carries and transmits from person to person; including, flies mosquitoes, and ticks Water and Food – undercooked food products, or water contaminated by toxic chemicals or human waste 14

15. Prevention of Spreading Disease Wash hands Separating raw meat from other foods, storing food at proper temperatures Avoid sharing utensils, brushes, make-up Get vaccinated when possible Learn to manage stress, stress makes the body more vulnerable to illness 15

16. Common STIs/STDs Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Chlamydia Genital Herpes Gonorrhea Trichomoniasis Syphilis 16

17. 17 Virus causing genital warts or asymptomatic infection Most common in United States CDC estimates that 50-75% of sexually active individuals will contract HPV in their lifetime There are 30 different types of HPV 6.2 million new cases every year

18. HPV A pap test may detect changes associated with HPV There is no treatment Most infections appear to be temporary Most of the infections are cleared by the immune system Almost all forms of cervical cancer are a result of HPV 18

19. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)  Pink or reddish warts with cauliflowerlike tops that appear on the genitals, vagina, or cervix  Occurs one to three months after infection from HPV  Genital warts are highly contagious; can disappear without treatment.  Warts can be treated but there is nothing to prevent them from reoccurring  1 million new cases per year 19

20. Chlamydia Bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of males and females 40% of cases reported in 15-19 years old Asymptomatic 75% of females and 50% of males When symptoms are present those infected will experience; discharge, burning during urination, abdominal pain Can be treated with antibiotics 20

21. Chlamydia Because asymptomatic, it will often go undetected until serious complications occur (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) CHLAMYDIA PID 21

22. Genital Herpes SIMPLEX 1 SIMPLEX 2  Caused by HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus)  Twice as common in adults from 20-29 years old as it was 20 years ago  20% of adolescent population is infected with virus  Two types:  Type 1 usually causes cold sores  Type 2 usually causes genital sores **however both types can infect the mouth and genitals** 22

23. Genital Herpes Most infected are asymptomatic and not aware of infection Those who do show symptoms have blisterlike sores in the genital region that occur periodically The virus can be spread in the absence of sores Medication can relieve symptoms but the virus will remain in the body for life 23

24. Gonorrhea A bacterial infection that usually affects mucous membranes. 50% of females show no symptoms Symptoms that may show are; vaginal discharge and pain or burning upon urination Can be treated with antibiotics; but has increased resistance to antibiotics 24

25. Gonorrhea A person can become re- infected if exposed again Bacterial can also spread to bloodstream causing joint problems Gonorrhea of the mouth. Ejaculation does not have to occur to transmit or acquire 25

26. Trichomaoniasis Caused by a microscopic protozoan that infects the vagina, urethra and bladder There are 7.4 million new cases of disease each year Females usually show no symptoms but may result in vaginitis but they may appear in 5 – 23 days Sometimes disease can show up in Pap test Since symptoms are rare, male partners of infected females are usually treated without medical testing 26

27. Syphilis Attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterial infection First sign of infection is painless reddish sore called chancre at site of infection Sore will heal on its own but if not treated infection spreads in the blood to other parts of the body Damages: internal organs, heart, liver, nervous system, and kidneys. Left untreated can cause paralysis, convulsions, blindness, and heart disease 27

28. Syphilis 28

29. Transmission from mother to fetus Genital warts - Infants born to infected mothers may develop warts in the throat, obstructing breathing Chlamydia - can cause pre-mature birth and infants can develop eye disease or pneumonia Genital Herpes – potentially fatal for infants who contract at the time of delivery; also making them more capable of transmitting and acquiring HIV Gonorrhea – infants born to mothers that are infected can contract eye infections that cause blindness Syphilis- damages nervous system of infant and can be life threatening 29

30. Gonorrhea: Causes To Infants An infected woman may transmit the infection to her newborn during childbirth. Infection of the newborn's eyes is called ophthalmia neonatorum (gonococcal conjunctivitis). conjunctivitis 30

31. Seeking Treatment Preventing the spread of STDs is the responsibility of both individuals By law, information about the disease is confidential. Only a health care professional can prescribe correct treatment Individuals also have social obligation to prevent the spread The infected person should notify any of the individuals they have had sexual contact with for that person to get tested 31