1. Health Promotion Models
Umm Al-Qura University
Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics
Environmental Health Department
Health Promotion Models
By: Dr. Ahmed Abdullah

2. Contents of the Lecture
Background Planning Models.
Most eight components of theories that addressing behavior change.
Examples of health promotion models and theories.
Differences between theory and model.
Common Models Used in planning.

3. Planning Models: Background Information
Models serve as frames from which to build; Provide structure & organization for the planning process.
There are Many different models share Common elements, but different labels

4. Planning Models: Background Information
There is No perfect model
They can be used in entirety, parts, & combinations
Categories:
Practitioner driven
Consumer-based

5. Consider Three Important Criteria
Fluidity: Steps in the planning process are sequential, or that they build upon one another.
Flexibility: Planning is adapted to the needs of stakeholders.
Functionality: the outcome of planning is improved health conditions, not the production of a program plan itself.

6. Planning Models: Background Information
Behavior change theories provide structures that educators may use to design educational programs, and to explain how and why a program is expected to be effective.
Single theory cannot address all variables that contribute to a person’s behavior and not all theories are applicable to all situations. But elements of different theories may be combined to create a program focused on a specific issue and target population.

7. Eight components of behavior change
1. The person has formed a strong positive intention (or made a commitment) to perform the behavior.
2. [There are no] environmental constraints [preventing] the behavior [from occurring].
3. The person has the skills necessary to perform the behavior.
4. The person believes that the advantages of performing the behavior outweigh the disadvantages (attitude).

8. Eight components of behavior change
5. The person perceives more social (normative) pressure to perform the behavior than not to do so.
6. The person perceives that performing the behavior is more consistent than inconsistent with his or her own self-image (personal norms, personal standards).
7. The person’s emotional reaction to performing the behavior is more positive than negative.
8. The person perceives that he or she has the capability to perform the behavior under a number of different circumstances (perceived self efficacy, perceived behavioral control).

9. Examples of health promotion models and theories:
precede-proceed model (Green & Kreuter 2005)
Planned Approach to Community health (PATCH) model (By U. S. Department of health and Human services 2005).
Multilevel approach to community health (MATCH) model.(By Simon- Morton, Greene, & Gottlieb, 1995).
Intervention mapping model (By Barthollomew, Parcel, Kok, & Gottlieb 2006).

10. Examples of health promotion models and theories:
Assessment protocol for excellence in public health (APEXPH) Model (BY National Association of County and City Health Officials, 1991).
Comprehensive Health Education Model (CHEM) (Sulvian, 1973).
Model for Health Education Planning (MHEP) (Rose and Mico 1980).
Model for Health Education Planning and resource devolopement (MHEPRD) (Bates and Winder1984).

11. Examples of health promotion models and theories:
PIN 3 Models (Airhihenbuwa, 1993).
The CDCynergy model (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2004)
Health Belief Model
Protection- Motivation Theory
Information-Motivation- Behavioral
Skills Model

12. Examples of health promotion models and theories:
Theory of Planned Behavior (Theory of Reasoned Action).
Trans theoretical Model (Stages of Change and Processes of Change).
Precaution-Adoption Process Model.
Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Social Cognitive Theory (Social Learning Theory).
Diffusion of Innovation.
Natural-Helper Models.

13. Differences between theory and model
Explain or predict phenomena
Simplified, miniaturized application of concept for addressing problems
Micro level guidance
Macro level guidance
Empirically tested
Not enough empirically evident
Based in previous literature
Creative
Usually parsimonious
Usually try to cover a lot
Does not contain any model
May contain one or more theories
Example: social cognitive theory
Example: precede-proceed model

14. Common Models Used PRECEDE-PROCEED (practitioners-driven)
MATCH (practitioners-driven)
CDCYNERY (consumer-based planning – health communication planning)
SMART (consumer-based planning – social marketing planning)

15. Thank You