1. Source A Advance to next slide Advance to source material Click for help EndPPT

2. Write descriptions of differing interpretations of Owain Glyndŵr. What I’m Looking For What I’m Looking For Give an explanation of why different historical interpretations might be produced. Use appropriate dates and historical terms. Click to reveal Suitably structure your work.

3. Click to reveal Source B Source B Source B Source B Source A Source A Source A Source A

4. [ ] [The Welsh BBC newsreader Huw Edwards commenting after readers of the Daily Post newspaper voted Owain Glyndŵr the greatest North Walian (2010)] Source B Source B Source B Source B Source A Source A Source A Source A Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about the Glyndŵr ? Who is the author? What do they do? When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? What evidence may have been looked at and how this might explain how the interpretation was produced? So Owain Glyndŵr is the ‘greatest-ever North Walian’? Wrong. He’s the greatest-ever Welshman in my book … It’s not widely understood today that most of Wales stood with Glyndwr in his long rebellion against English rule. His qualities as a leader and strategist were truly extraordinary. Before the creation of the National Assembly in 1999, Owain’s Parliament was the only meaningful national forum in Welsh history. Owain disappeared into the mists of time, but his spirit still inspires many of us today.

5. Glyndŵr, the ‘Welsh prince’ was only distantly related to the Welsh princes. He was in fact English and was a barbarous thug who raped and murdered innocent people, including innocent Welsh people. Do we really need to fly flags for this barbarian? We need to remember him as he was in history and not as some fairytale thought up by Welsh nationalists. Who in their right mind would want their child brought up to look up to such a figure? [Gaynor, an English woman from Llanelli, writing on an internet message board set up to gather public opinion over whether there should be a special Glyndŵr Day in Wales (2008)] Source B Source B Source B Source B Source A Source A Source A Source A Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about the Glyndŵr ? Who is the author? What do they do? When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? What evidence may have been looked at and how this might explain how the interpretation was produced?

6. So Owain Glyndŵr is the ‘greatest-ever North Walian’? Wrong. He’s the greatest-ever Welshman in my book … It’s not widely understood today that most of Wales stood with Glyndwr in his long rebellion against English rule. His qualities as a leader and strategist were truly extraordinary. Before the creation of the National Assembly in 1999, Owain’s Parliament was the only meaningful national forum in Welsh history. Owain disappeared into the mists of time, but his spirit still inspires many of us today. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about the Glyndŵr ? Source A Source A Source A Source A

7. Read the information below and to try and help you understand something of the actions of Owain Glyndŵr. Owain Glyndŵr seen with an orb and sceptre Source: Wikimedia Commons Owain Glyndŵr was born in the 1350s. He was educated in England, joining the English army and taking part in an invasion of Scotland before retiring to his family estates in Wales. Owain Glyndŵr was born in the 1350s. He was educated in England, joining the English army and taking part in an invasion of Scotland before retiring to his family estates in Wales. A land dispute with his neighbour, Reginald de Grey, saw Glyndŵr lead a rebellion. In September Glyndŵr proclaimed himself prince of Wales. This led to rebellions throughout Wales against English rule. Supported by the French, Glyndŵr was to rule much of Wales. A land dispute with his neighbour, Reginald de Grey, saw Glyndŵr lead a rebellion. In September Glyndŵr proclaimed himself prince of Wales. This led to rebellions throughout Wales against English rule. Supported by the French, Glyndŵr was to rule much of Wales. However, by 1408, the English had regained control of Wales, and support for the revolt faded. Glyndŵr now went on the run. The last mention of him was in 1416. However, by 1408, the English had regained control of Wales, and support for the revolt faded. Glyndŵr now went on the run. The last mention of him was in 1416. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about the Glyndŵr ?

8. [ ] [The Welsh BBC newsreader Huw Edwards commenting after readers of the Daily Post newspaper voted Owain Glyndŵr the greatest North Walian (2010)] Who is the author? What do they do? Source A Source A Source A Source AWelsh BBCnewsreader Daily Post newspaper Answers Click the tabs to match the terms on the left with an explanation on the right. A regional newspaper for North Wales whose articles mainly deal with Welsh news. May lead to cultural bias which means interpreting and judging events from an English point of view. May lead to cultural bias which means interpreting and judging events from an English point of view. Means he is knowledgeable but not a historian. historian. A regional newspaper for North Wales whose articles mainly deal with Welsh news.

9. [ ] [The Welsh BBC newsreader Huw Edwards commenting after readers of the Daily Post newspaper voted Owain Glyndŵr the greatest North Walian (2010)] When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? Source A Source A Source A Source AAnswers Written after vast amounts of research has been carried out. The fact that this was 600 years after Glyndŵr, shows how significant a figure he was. It was the 600 th anniversary of Glyndŵr’s death. By this time there were strong views on Welsh identity and people were proud to be Welsh. Edwards a well respected newsreader had also presented historical programmes for BBC Wales. This was 600 years after Glyndŵr so was unreliable. Click on the tabs to change to the correct colour.

10. [ ] [The Welsh BBC newsreader Huw Edwards commenting after readers of the Daily Post newspaper voted Owain Glyndŵr the greatest North Walian (2010)] What evidence may have been looked at and how this might explain how the interpretation was produced? Source A Source A Source A Source A Views may have been formed when Edwards produced a documentary on Owain Glyndŵr Views may have been formed when Edwards produced a documentary on Owain Glyndŵr Edward’s had little knowledge of the period Edward’s would have access to writings of many historians Edward’s would have access to writings of many historians Many English and Welsh historians have written about Glyndwr. In 2007 Edward’s produced a 60 minute programme on Glyndŵr for BBC Wales. In 2007 Edward’s produced a 60 minute programme on Glyndŵr for BBC Wales. Click on the statements that you believe to be true. Although not a historian, Edward’s has read widely on Welsh history. This was part of a poll A poll shows the opinion of only those who choose to vote.

11. Glyndŵr, the ‘Welsh prince’ was only distantly related to the Welsh princes. He was in fact English and was a barbarous thug who raped and murdered innocent people, including innocent Welsh people. Do we really need to fly flags for this barbarian? We need to remember him as he was in history and not as some fairytale thought up by Welsh nationalists. Who in their right mind would want their child brought up to look up to such a figure? Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about the Glyndŵr ? Source B Source B Source B Source B

12. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about the Glyndŵr? Click to reveal question

13. Who was affected by Glyndŵr’s actions? English borough towns and castles were attacked continually. English borough towns and castles were attacked continually. These towns were built and settled by the English after Edward’s Conquest. These were continually attacked by both sides. Study the statements below. You now need to decide who would have been affected by the Welsh rebellion. Click on the tabs below to change to the correct colour. Click ? to check answers Rebel leaders were caught and executed. executed. English forces in an effort to put down the rebellion captured rebel leaders who were tried and then hanged. The Battle of Mynydd Hyddgen, June 1401 The Battle of Mynydd Hyddgen, June 1401 An Anglo-Flemish force of some 1500 men attacked Owain Glyndŵr and his 500 men on Mynydd Hyddgen. Glyndŵr escaped. The Battle of Pilleth on Bryn Glas Hill in 1402 The Battle of Pilleth on Bryn Glas Hill in 1402 English forces under Edmund Mortimer were defeated in Mid-Wales. Glyndŵr showed himself to be a master tactician. Welsh towns such as Llanrwst were destroyed by English forces. Welsh towns such as Llanrwst were destroyed by English forces. There not many alive in 1998 but their accounts had been recorded by many historians. In 1402 Penal Laws were passed against the Welsh. In 1402 Penal Laws were passed against the Welsh. The Welsh were banned from public office, carrying arms or buying property in English towns. Other rights were also restricted. Civilian = person who is not a soldier

14. [Gaynor, an English woman from Llanelli, writing on an internet message board set up to gather public opinion over whether there should be a special Glyndŵr Day in Wales (2008)] Meant that the interpretation was not produced by a specialist historian. Who is the author? What do they do? Internet message board Public opinion English Woman A discussion anyone could contribute to it and points made would not have to be supported. Answers A discussion anyone could contribute to it and points made would not have to be supported. May lead to cultural bias which means interpreting and judging events from an English point of view. Source B Source B Source B Source B Click the tabs to match the terms on the left with an explanation on the right. May lead to cultural bias which means interpreting and judging events from an English point of view. Meant that the interpretation was not produced by a specialist historian.

15. [Gaynor, a woman from Llanelli, writing on an internet message board set up to gather public opinion over whether there should be a special Glyndŵr Day in Wales (2008)] When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? Answers The writer might be influenced by the fact that they were English. The writer wants to show a different point of view to people who are Welsh nationalists. There is little evidence of the actions of Glyndŵr. The author would have been able to study a huge variety of source material. Part of a message board that only looks for people’s opinions and does not expect historical evidence. Written over 600 years after the events so must be less reliable. Click on the tabs to change to the correct colour. Source B Source B Source B Source B

16. What evidence may have been looked at and how this might explain how the interpretation was produced? Click on the statements that you believe to be true. [Gaynor, an English woman from Llanelli, writing on an internet message board set up to gather public opinion over whether there should be a special Glyndŵr Day in Wales (2008)] Source B Source B Source B Source B May have looked at how the rebellion affected more than just soldiers. May have looked at how the rebellion affected more than just soldiers. Gaynor had little knowledge of the period Gaynor would have access to writings of many historians Gaynor would have access to writings of many historians Many English and Welsh historians have written about Glyndwr. During any conflict civilians as well as soldiers are killed. Although not a historian, Gaynor does refer to actual facts. Gaynor was concerned about Welsh nationalism Welsh nationalism means that some people want Wales to be different to England.