1. Crisis & Absolutism
Chapter 14

2. Europe in Crisis: The War of Religion
Read about the following topics below.
Incorporate any relevant information, terms, and ideas.
Formulate 3 questions which pertain to each section.
Complete the section review on a separate sheet of paper.
Europe in Crisis: The War of Religion

3. In groups of two discuss the homework from last night.
What did you learn?
What did you not understand?
Homework Review!

4. Social Crisis, War, and Revolution

5. Economic and Social Conflicts
1600’s economy starts to slow down
Spanish silver mines producing less
Loss of Jewish/Muslin artisans and merchants exiled
Population declining
Warfare, Plague, and Famine
Creation of social tensions
Economic and Social Conflicts

6. Witchcraft: belief in magic which was apart of traditional village culture for century
Used as a scapegoat during era of social crisis
Trials held against witches as hysteria grew
Common people/poor
75% single or widowed women over 50 years old
Intense torture caused people to confess
The Witchcraft Trials

7. The Hammer of Witches Open to page 459
Read the “Printed Publication” on the Hammer of Witches
Answer the two questions which relate
The Hammer of Witches

8. The Thirty Years War Causes Effects Religion played an important role
“Last of the religious wars”
Political/territorial motives as well
Holy Roman Empire
Catholics vs. Protestants
Soon Denmark, Sweden, France and Spain entered
Major destruction of Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
Peace of Westphalia
Officially ends the war
Sweden becomes powerful in Baltic Sea
German states divided
The Thirty Years War

9.
Thirty Year War

10. Revolutions in England
Open to page 461
Read all information and complete the organizer
Once completed grab the reading on the Glorious Revolution
Homework: Complete Packet for Friday
Revolutions in England

11. Response to Crisis
14-3

12. Richelieu and Mazarin Louis XIII: King of France at age 9
Nobles not too happy about this
Threatened by the Huguenots
Cardinal Richelieu: Chief minister under Louis XIII
Strengthened the power of the monarchy
Stripped Huguenots of political and military rights
Set up network of spies
Louis XIV: King of France at age 4
Cardinal Mazarin: Chief minister under Louis XIV
Crushed revolt by nobles
Richelieu and Mazarin

13. France Under Louis XIV Absolutism: the ruler has total power.
Divine Right of Kings
Ability to make laws, collect taxes, administer justice, control officials, and determine foreign policy
Louis XIV: best example of absolutism in the 17th century
French culture, language, and manners adopted by many Europeans
Court imitated as well
France Under Louis XIV

14. Louis the SUN KING Cardinal Mazarin dies in 1661
Louis XIV takes supreme power at age 23
“up to this moment I have been pleased to entrust the government of my affairs to the late cardinal Mazarin. It is now time that I govern them myself. You [secretaries and ministers of state] will assist me with your counsels when I ask for them. I request and order you to seal no orders except by my command. I order you not to sign anything, not even a passport without my command; to render account to me personally each day and to favor no one”
Does Louis XIV sound self-assured or timid? Polite or rude? Serious or Frivolous?
Louis the SUN KING

15. DBQ Louis XIV and Absolutism
Open to page 465
Read the excerpt
Answer questions 1-2 in your notes
DBQ Louis XIV and Absolutism

16. Government and Religion
Versailles: Royal palace where government/court was located
Kept nobles preoccupied at royal court
Louis XIV
Consolidated power
Strengthened his role
Head of foreign policy, church, and taxes
Desired religious harmony
Anti-Protestant Policy
Government and Religion

17. Building palaces, maintaining a happy court, and pursuing wars costs a lot of money!
Finances very important to Louis XIV
Jean-Baptiste Colbert: controller-general of finances for France
Increase France’s wealth through mercantilism
Decrease imports/increase exports (tariffs)
Subsidies for emerging industries
Building roads and canals
The Economy

18. Legacy of Louis XIV France left with a huge debt!
Enemies surround France
“Soon you will be King of a great kingdom… try to remain at peace with your neighbors. I loved war too much. Do not follow me in that or in overspending… lighten your people’s burden as soon as possible, and do what I have had the misfortune not to do myself”
Legacy of Louis XIV

19. Videos History of Versailles
Videos

20. The Emergence of Prussia
Frederick William the Great Elector: laid the foundation for the Prussian state.
Built a large and efficient standing army
40,000 men 4th largest in Europe
Set up the General War Commissariat
Levy taxes and oversee growth
Used to govern the new state
The Emergence of Prussia

22. The New Austrian Empire
Austrian Hapsburgs: royal family who played a significant role in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire as Emperors
After Thirty Years War, dream of creating a unified German empire died
Establish control in eastern and southeastern Europe
Present day Austria, Czech Republic, and Hungary
Unable to establish a highly centralized absolutist state
Made up of too many nationalities
What effect do you think the lack of a strong central government among many nationalities will have on the Austrian Empire?
The New Austrian Empire

24. Ivan IV: 16th century prince who unified the Russian state.
Czar: Ivan was given this title which means Caesar
Expanded territories of Russia eastward
Hoped to crush the power of the boyars: Russian nobility
Ruthless leader, stabbed his own son in a heated argument
Dynasty ends in 1598
Time of Troubles: period of anarchy
Michael Romanov: Next Czar of Russia in whose dynasty would last until 1917 (300 year reign)
Monarchy established under the Zemsky Sobor: National assembly
Leaders of Russia

25. Peter the Great: One of the most prominent czar who took leadership in 1689.
Absolute Monarch who claimed divine right to rule
Determined to westernize, or Europeanize Russia
Borrow European Technology
Modernization of the army/navy
Bring western Ideas to Russia
Peter the Great

26. Cultural Changes and a New Capital
Peter Visits the west
Brings Western customs, practices, and manners to Russia
Men should shave their beards/shorten their coats
Women should remove their traditional face covering veils and move out into society
“open window to the west”
Port with ready access to Europe
Baltic Sea is the most likely option
Long war with Sweden for control in the area
St. Petersburg: base of the Russian navy and a window to the west. This becomes the official capital of the empire
Cultural Changes and a New Capital

28. Military and Governmental Changes
Used Russian and Western officers
Drafted peasants for 25 years of service
Built a standing army of 210,000 soldiers
Government
Divided Russia into provinces
“Police State”
Well ordered community governed by law
Military and Governmental Changes

29.
Ivan the Terrible