2. Radiation resistance of insulation systems for IR Triplets
Acknowledgments: G. Ambrosio, F. Cerutti, S. Clément, L. S. Esposito, P. Ferracin, P. Fessia, R. Flukiger, R. Gauthier, M. Juchno, A. Mereghetti, N. Peray, J.-C. Perez, G. de Rijk, E. Todesco,
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT

3. Outline Structural requirements for MQXF based on expected dose
Structural req + energy deposition
Structural requirements for MQXF based on expected dose
Measurement techniques for irradiated samples
Experimental results on CTD-101K samples and CE-epoxy blend materials
Experimental and FE simulations of the SBS Test on G10
Suggested Plan
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 3

4. Beam screen shielding Beam screen with W absorbers at mid-planes
Structural req + energy deposition
Beam screen shielding
140 mm Nb3Sn
Beam screen with W absorbers at mid-planes
To go below 20 MGy one would need 2 mm BS + 9 mm W absorbers (105.6 mm residual aperture)
Maximum thickness shielding for Q1-first half Q2A tailor-made
Possible use of other materials for BS/CB under investigation
Configurations
Diameter aperture at mid-planes (mm)
3.7 mm BP + 7 mm W inserts
114.6
3.7 mm BP + 2 mm BS + 6 mm W absorbers*
111.6
* 0.5 mm clearance between BP and W
Minimum aperture requested from optics is 116 mm
With courtesy of F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito on behalf of CERN FLUKA team [1]

5. Q1 Energy deposition Outline G10 SBS Test Plan End
Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
Azimuthal energy deposition at Q1 peak
End
With courtesy of F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito on behalf of CERN FLUKA team [2]+[3]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 5

6. Outline 150 mm Nb3Sn Shear stress G10 SBS Test Cool-down
Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
Observation of Shear stress between turns and shear between inner and outer layers
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Cool-down
Max-gradient (155 T/m)
30-40 MPa shear t
Plan
50-60 MPa shear
singularity?
End t t
~0 MPa shear
With courtesy of M. Juchno and P. Ferracin [4]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 6

7. 150 mm Nb3Sn Azimuthal stress
Outline
150 mm Nb3Sn Azimuthal stress
Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Cool-down
Max-gradient (155 T/m)
Plan
Risk of tensile stress
End
160 MPa compression stress
With courtesy of M. Juchno and P. Ferracin [4]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 7

8. Detailed coil model status
Outline
Detailed coil model status
Structural req + energy deposition
“Rectangular” cable with 150um G10 insulation
Cable material have similar properties as initial coil block (altered to spring model)
High shear stress peaks at cable corners due to difference in thermal contraction
Shear stress in coils up to ~30-40 MPa (cables and insulation around conductor in the vicinity of poles and copper blocks
Possible next step: round “corners” or strand model with resin
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
With courtesy of M. Juchno and P. Ferracin [4]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 8

9. Measurement techniques 1
Outline
Measurement techniques 1
Structural req + energy deposition
Test Nb 1 2 3 4
Name
Flexural test
Ultimate Tensile Test (UTS)
Mode I: intralaminar crack opening
Mode II: intralaminar shear mode
Diagram
Remarks
Recommended by IEC. Most radiation-sensitive property for thermoset. Done at CERN for yellow books.
Tests used for radiation effects on insulators for superconducting fusion magnets by the ATI, Vienna. In order to load the anisotropic FRPs in mode I as well as in mode II under their weakest condition, the fiber orientation with the lower fiber content was chosen to be perpendicular to the notches of the specimens.
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 9

10. Measurement techniques 2
Outline
Measurement techniques 2
Structural req + energy deposition
Test Nb 5 6 7
Name
Short Beam Shear (SBS). Interlaminar
Shear/compression test
10° off-axis tensile test
Diagram
Remarks
SBS: interlaminar strength.
Other tests were done: double-lap-shear (DLS) test method, cycling test, etc. (not presented here).
10° off-axis tensile test is normally used for intralaminar shear strength
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 10

11. Short-beam-shear test
Outline
ATI Vienna Facility 1
Structural req + energy deposition
MTS 810 test facility
Short-beam-shear test
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
5 cm
G10 SBS Test
10 cm
Plan
23 mm
6.4 – 6.5 mm
End
Sample thickness should be 3 mm, preferably 4 mm.
At least 10 samples are needed for one test.
In case of a wrapped insulation, the tests should be carried out parallel and perpendicular to the winding direction ( samples).
Approximately 90 shear samples can be irradiated in one run.
With the courtesy of R. Prokopec [32]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 11

12. ATI Vienna Facility 2 Outline Tensile tests G10 SBS Test Plan End
Structural req + energy deposition
Tensile test specimen
geometries
Tensile tests
Static: with and without strain recording
Dynamic: load controlled
Measurement techniques 10 10 20
At least 5 samples are needed for static tests and additional 20 samples for stress lifetime curves.
20 samples can be irradiated in one run (for 4 mm sample thickness).
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test 70
140
Plan
ATI
d-ASTM
End
Dose rate: 40 MGy in 5 open days
1 Container = 1 dose level
Costs: 50 MGy = 16 k€ per container + staff
ASTM
With the courtesy of R. Prokopec [32]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 12

13. Relative mechanical properties for CTD-101K
Outline
Relative mechanical properties for CTD-101K
Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
30% degradation at 50 MGy
ILSS0 ≈ 120 MPa
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
70% degradation at 90 MGy
Shear strength and degradation with irradiation is the most sensitive property
G10 SBS Test
95% degradation at 160 MGy
Plan
End
SBS test gives «apparent ILSS»
UTS: 35% reduction at 180 Mgy from UTS0 ~ 1050 MPa
Compressive strength = 1080 MPa at 160 Mgy (Loss 20%)
Fracture Resistance GIC: 66% reduction at 230 MGy
[29]+[30]+[31]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 13

14. Shear/compressive properties of CTD-101K
Outline
Shear/compressive properties of CTD-101K
Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
Shear/compression failure envelope
Shear strength increases with angle till 84°, then drops
Compression prevents shear failure
On vertical plane (at peak dose location), compression is huge and shear stress is small  Almost pure compression state
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
45° shear/compression test to characterize both types of heat treatment (14% reduction)
No significant difference in mechanical properties between for specimen with and without heat treatment
Not possible to compare interlaminar shear properties after 700°C heat treatment using SBS test (tensile mode failure)  UTS of fibers significantly damaged
End
[29]+[30]+[31]+[37]+[38]+[39]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 14

15. FE studies on Shear/Compression test
Outline
FE studies on Shear/Compression test
Structural req + energy deposition
Comparison analytical vs numerical investigations shows inhomogeneous and tri-axial stress state.
Considerable thermal stresses arise from cooling to cryogenic temperatures (not evaluated by analytical considerations)
Failure of the specimens mainly takes place at the interface (influence of thermal stresses)
The reliability of the test method is questionable if the specimen fractures at the interface.  Strong dependency of surface conditions (arbitrary circumstances)
Irradiation problem: high activation of steel plates
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
[37]+[41]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 15

16. Mechanical properties for CE-epoxy blend
Outline
Mechanical properties for CE-epoxy blend
Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
Cyanate ester
(AroCy-L10)
[32+[33]+[34]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 16

17. G10 SBS experimental results
Outline
G10 SBS experimental results
Structural req + energy deposition
Nb of specimen
L (mm)
b (mm)
t (mm)
l (mm)
l/t
Specimens A 5 24 10 4 12 3
Specimens B 16
Specimens C 42 28 7
Specimens D 6
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
SBS [MPa]
FSBS_1
FSBS_2
FSBS_3
FSBS_4
FSBS_5
Average
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation %
Series A
54.80
58.03
55.87
55.37
56.77
56.17
1.27
2.26
Series B
53.50
54.22
52.14
48.32
51.68
51.97
2.28
4.39
Series C
38.17
36.30
35.84
36.11
33.54
35.99
1.65
4.59
Series D
54.91
56.28
55.86
55.04
54.86
55.39
0.64
1.16
With the courtesy of A. Gerardin (EDMS N° ) + [40]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 17

18. Outline
FE studies on SBS test
Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
f-factor = 1 inside the specimens  the stress is equal to the shear stress obtained from an analytical 2D solution
The real “ILSSs” are higher than the experimental results
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
[36]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 18

19. G10 SBS FE results Outline G10 SBS Test Plan End
Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
Shear at D (MPa)
Shear at F (MPa)
Sigma x at F Inside (MPa)
Sigma z at F Inside (MPa)
Exp. ILSS SBS (MPa)
Inside
Outside
f-factor
Series A
56.17
55.61
67.97
1.22
129.79
140.24
374.48
Series B
51.97
51.05
63.63
1.25
125.01
130.38
454.98
Series C
35.99
33.99
43.84
1.29
88.36
82.41
509.98
-86.82
Series D
55.39
55.38
64.83
1.17
133.19
147.61
494.08
End
Contrainte de rupture à la flexion, <= 10 mm
perpendiculairement aux strates, sens longitudinal : > 350 N/mm2
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 19

20. Outline G10 SBS Test Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 20

21. Suggested plan Outline
Structural req + energy deposition
Internal test campaign prior to irradiation campaign (unirradiated fibers)
SBS test of heat treated fibers with 3 resins (CTD-101K, CE/epoxy blend, MY750)
Resin with 1)virgin fiber, 2) fiber, 3) ht fiber + ceramic binder + 4) ht fiber + PVA
10° off axis-test as support of SBS test
Shear/compression test of the system [cable + insulation]
Irradiation campaign (to be discussed)
What is the maximum dose level (20 MGy)?
SBS – Interlaminar shear test (qualitative)
Shear/compression test of the system [cable + insulation] (Quantitative)
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
CTD-101K
MY750 CE
Virgin fibers
Fibers after reaction
Fibers after reaction and ceramic binder
SBS + Tensile +/- 10° + shear/compression
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 21

22. Thanks for your attention Questions?
Outline
Structural req + energy deposition
Measurement techniques
CTD-101K + CE-epoxy results
Thanks for your attention Questions?
G10 SBS Test
Plan
End
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 22

24. 150 mm Nb3Sn Radial stress
With courtesy of M. Juchno and P. Ferracin [4]
Elvis Fornasiere | CERN, 26th February 2013
TE-MSC-MDT 24

25. References
F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito on behalf of CERN Fluka team, “Shielding the 140 option”, Hi-Lumi LHC WP10, CERN, 26 July 2012.
F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito on behalf of CERN Fluka team, “First estimates of energy deposition for the new inner triplet”, Hi-Lumi LHC WP10, CERN, 7 June 2012.
L.S. Esposito, private communication, CERN,
M. Juchno, private communication, CERN,
C. Barrère, D. Dal Maso, Résines époxy réticulées par des polyamines: structure et propriétés, Revue de L’Institut Français du Pétrole, Vol. 52, N° 3, Mai-Juin 1997
P. Bardonnet, Résines époxydes (EP) – Composants et propriétés, Doc. A 3 465, Techniques de l’Ingénieur, 2012
T. Devanne, Vieillissement radiochimique d’un réseau époxyde, Thèse N° , E.N.S.A.M, 16 Mai 2003
D.W. Clegg, A. A. Collyer, Irradiation effects on polymers, Elsevier Science Publishers LTD, London, 1991
A. Idesaki, A. Shimada, N. Morishita, M. Sugimoto, M. Yoshikawa, Evalutation of Radiation Resistance for Organic Materials Used in Atomic Energy-related Facilities, Radiation Effects in Super Conducting Magnet Materials (RESMM’12), Fermilab, February 13-15,2012
D. Reed, Radiation Tolerance of Resins, Rad-Hard Insulation Workshop, Fermilab, April 20, 2007
H. Schönbacher, A. Stolarz-Izycka, Compilation of radiation damage test data – Part II: Thermosetting and thermoplastic resins, CERN 79-08, Geneva, 1979
M. H. Van de Voorde, Effects of radiation on materials and components, CERN 70-5, Geneva, 1970
M. H. Van de Voorde, Action des radiations ionisantes sur les résines époxydes, CERN 70-10, Geneva, 1970
M. Tavlet, A. Fontaine and H. Schönbacher, “Compilation of radiation damage test data, pt.2: Thermoset and thermoplastic resins, composite materials”, CERN-98-01, Geneva : CERN, p.
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E. Fornasiere

26. References
International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Publication No. 544: Guide for determining the effects of ionizing radiation on insulating materials, Part I: Radiation interaction, Ref. 544–1 (1977); Part 2: Procedures for irradiation, Ref. 544–2 (1979); Part 3: Test procedures for permanent effects, Ref. 544–3 (1979); Part 4: Classification system for service in radiation environments, Ref. 544–4 (1985).
D.C. Phillips et al., The selection and properties of epoxide resins used for the insulation of magnet systems in radiation enviroments, CERN 81–05 (1981).
H. Schönbacher, B. Szeless and M. Tavlet, “Results of radiation tests at cryogenic temperature on some selected organic materials for the LHC”, CERN 96-05, Geneva, 1996
G. Lipták et al., “Radiation tests on selected electrical insulating materials for high-power and highvoltage application”, CERN 85–02, Geneva, 1985.
H. W. Weber et al., “Low temperature neutron and gamma irradiation of glass fiber reinforced epoxies”, Journal of Nuclear Materials 115 (1983) 11-15
K. Humer et al., “Radiation effects on insulators for superconducting fusion magnets”, Cryogenics 35 (1995)
René Flükiger, Gijs de Rijk, “Review of WAMSDO 2011 Workshop: Superconductors in LHC Upgrade (HiLumi LHC)”, RESMM’12, Fermilab,
Ezio Todesco, “ High Luminosity LHC: Magnets”, Applied Superconductivity Conference, Portland, 9th October 2012
P. Ferracin, “MQXF coil cross-section status”, HiLumi WP3 Video-meeting, 28 August, 2012
P. Fessia, “The CERN magnet program and the conductor needs”, LTHFS Worhshop, Napa Valley – 5th to 7th November 2012
25/02/2013
E. Fornasiere

27. References
K. Humer et al., “Tensile and shear fracture behavior of fiber reinforced plastics at 77 K irradiated by various radiation sources”, Adv. Cryog. Eng. 40 (1993)
K. Humer et al., “Low temperature tensile and fracture mechanical strength in mode I and mode II of fiber reinforced plastics following various irradiation conditions”, Fusion Technology 1994
K. Humer et al., “Tensile and fracture behavior in mode I and mode II of fiber reinforced plastics following reactor irradiation”, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering (1996), Vol. 42
K. Humer et al., “Low-temperature interlaminar shear strength of reactor irradiated glass-fibre-reinforced laminates”, Cryogenics 36 (1996)
Composite Technology Development, Inc. “CTD-101 and CTD-101K Epoxy Resin System”, Datasheet, 2003.
Composite Technology Development, Inc. “CTD-101K Epoxy Resin System”, Datasheet, 2003.
Composite Technology Development, Inc. “CTD-101K Epoxy Resin System”, Datasheet, 2012.
N. A. Munshi, J. K. Walsh, M. W. Hooker, H. K. Babcock, “Radiation Resistant Electrical Insulation Qualified for ITER TF Coils”, Applied Supeconductivity Conference, Portland (OR), October 2012.
Composite Technology Development, Inc. “CTD-400 Series Cyanate Ester Resins for RTM High Performance, Eady Processing”, Datasheet, 2002.
Composite Technology Development, Inc. “Cyanate Ester-based Insulations Summary Data Sheet”, Datasheet.
R. Prokopec, “Mechanical tests on radiation resistant insulation materials”, PPT Presentation,
D.H. Pahr, F.G. Rammerstorfer, P. Rosenkranz, K. Humer, H.W. Weber, “A study of short-beam-shear and double-lap-shear specimens of glass fabric/epoxy composites”, Composites: Part B 33 (2002)
D.H. Pahr, H.J. Böhm, K. Humer, H. W. Weber, “Analytical and finite element investigations of shear/compression test fixtures”, Cryogenics 45 (2005),
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28. References
P.E. Fabian, J. B. Schutz, C. S. Hazelton, R. P. Reed, “Properties of candidate ITER Vacuum Impregnation Insulation Systems”, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 40, New York, 1994
P.E. Fabian, R.P. Reed, J.B. Schutz, T.S. Bauer-McDaniel, “Shear/compressive properties of candidate ITER inuslation systems at low temperatures”, Cryogenics 35 (1995)
R. P. Reed, J. B. Darr, J. B. Schutz, “Short-Beam Shear Testing of candidate magnet inulators”, Cryogenics (1992), Vol. 32 ICMC Supplement
H. Weber, private communication, exchange,
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