1. Preserving, Organizing and Accessing Records of Past Musical Events: Two Projects of the IRCAM Multimedia Library Michael Fingerhut Ircam, Paris (France)

2. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 2 IRCAM and its Multimedia Library IRCAM founded 1976 by Pierre Boulez  R&D acoustics, compositional tools, dsp, musicology, real-time processing… → tools, publications and conferences  Education short- and long-term courses in computer music and composition → conferences, concerts  Artistic direction commissions, concerts, festival, tours  Production performances → concerts Multimedia Library founded 1995  Specialized library (contemporary) music, sciences, technology, law, sociology, philosophy… → IAML (Newsletter editor, ontology workgroup)  Archive IRCAM’s musical and scientific heritage → Archiprod  Engineering digital libraries, metadata, interoperability, information retrieval, digital conservation and publication, in- house, national and int’l projects → newswatch, IRCAM’s web sites, Centre Pompidou Virtuel, French Gateway, The European Library, Europeana, ISMIR, Aga Khan Development Network…

3. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 3 French institutions with contemporary music resources Archive Bibliothèque nationale Conservatories Paris, Lyon… Ensembles Ensemble intercontemporain… Libraries Médiathèque musicale Mahler… MIC CDMC Producer of events Acantes, Cité de la musique… Research centers Ircam… Studios Cirm, Grame, GMEM, Muse en circuit…

4. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 4 The issues Resources  Documents books, scores, ephemera, periodicals, articles, biographies, documentary files, pictures, recordings, films…  Information events, people, organizations… Spread  Physical in libraries, archives, museums…  Online intranets/internet, web pages, databases… Goals  Preserve technological, economical and ideological issues  Uniform description and single-stop access seach, find, use  Reduce noise and silence “partition berlin”, “murs paris”  Provide online access to contents respecting rights  Don’t affect existing systems

5. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 5 The two projects 1. Digitize: Archiprod Performance traces from (before) the event to preservation and publication at Ircam 2. Share: The Contemporary Music Resources Gateway Search, find, locate and use resources in context Not:  preservation of compositional process  handling individual works and documents (intra- document navigation, analysis and annotation tools…)

6. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 6 Two distinct but interrelated projects Digitization each partner individually  Formats of data  Description  Publication protocols  Preservations procedures  Workflow Sharing The gateway  Formats of metadata  Exchange protocols  Interfaces

7. 1. Preservation at Ircam - Archiprod

8. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 8 Digitization of sound archives for preservation and publication at Ircam: formats and description Many types  Artistic Concert, dance, film projection, opera… Concert cycles, festivals…  Scientific Lectures, panels, talks, workshops… Conferences, courses,  Mixed master classes… Variable duration and occurrence  Once/repeated  On a single day, hour and place or not Split Long Fixed contents may vary  Repeated talk, performance  Work in progress Structured  Seasons  Cycles  Conferences ArchiProd  Describe  Preserve  Deliver

9. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 9 9 Seasons Season 2007-2008 Season 2006-2007 Events archive Season 2006-2007 Season 1976-1977

10. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 10 Groups of events Season 2007-2008 Events archive Season 2006-2007 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Festival Cycle 2-1 Cycle 2-2 Cycles may contain cycles A conference within a festival

11. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 11 Manifestations Event 1 Season 2007-2008 Events archive Season 2007-2006 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Event: “a noteworthy happening”, usually of a limited duration with a well-defined program. A concert, a conference, a master-class, a workshop Event 2 Cycle: a group of cycles or of events. A concert series, a festival, a scientific conference An event can be part of several cycles A concert from a series programmed during a conference

12. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 12 Manifestation Manifestation 1 Manifestation 2 Event 1 Season 2007-2008 Events archive Season 2007-2006 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Manifestation: an occurrence of an event, usually at a single date, time and place. A specific concert, talk…

13. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 13 The traces in (their historical) context Manifestation 1 Manifestation 2 Event 1 Season 2007-2008 Events archive Season 2007-2006 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 brochures program notes, contracts Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 recording … single work … single talk … single piece … may differ

14. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 14 Typology of events Événement Événement artistique Rencontre Projection Exposition, installation Autre événement artistique Conférence – analyse d’une œuvre Conférence scientifique et/ou technique Autre conférence Formation musicale Formation scientifique et/ou technique Autre formation Autre rencontre Autre événement Conférence Formation Spectacle Concert Spectacle chorégraphique Spectacle de théâtre musical Autre spectacle Spectacle théâtral

15. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 15 IAML 2008, Naples (Italy) Online preservation and access to record[ing]s of musical events 15 The workflow TimeArtistic dept.Communications dept.Production dept.Multimedia LibraryThe System Plans the season Produces the season’s brochure Drafts contracts Creates metadata Uploads PDF Produces the event’s brochure THE EVENT Records the event Uploads the recording Modifies metadata Uploads PDF Preserves through daily backups Validates modified metadata Produces online and offline versions Completes metadata Uploads PDF Produces the web site

16. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 16 Towards an ontology Objects  Types Event, manifestation, work, person, corporate, rôle, place, document…  Relations (work, person, rôle), (event, place, date)…  Predicates quartet = 4 instruments Goal Inter-document semantic navigation

17. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 17

18. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 18 Manifestation: general information Date, time, place People, corporate/rôles

19. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 19 Manifestation: per-part information – audio:music Title, subtitle, duration… Type Musical/non musical recording People, corporate/rôles Notes, transfer date… Uncontrolled fields Controls: - names - titles - rôles - dates, times - durations

20. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 20 Manifestation: per-part information – audio:non- music Title, subtitle, duration… Type Musical/non musical recording People, corporate/rôles Notes, transfer date… Uncontrolled fields

21. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 21 Formats Preservation  Audio: WAV 44,1 KHz, 16 bits or better  Images: TIFF  Metadata: METS Online access  Audio Local: MPEG1 Layer 2, full recording. Partners: MP3 high rate, full recording. Internet: MP3, excerpt.  Text PDF + OCR (sometimes)  Metadata MODS

22. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 22 Looking for contents: search Basic, by table Index, full-text in online view

23. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 23 Looking for contents: browse event tree

24. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 24 Accessing a concert sound archive and its program notes

25. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 25 Current contents and its preservation Metadata  1,230 events more to go  7,600 works  3,000 people composers, performers…  100 locations Data  Over 1,100 sound archives multiworks, talks  Over 500 program notes Preservation  Digital contents preservation costs more than digitization  Backup, backup, backup…

26. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 26 Present and future Retrospective  digitization tapes, program notes, “old” cds  cataloguing events >1,100 done (15 years); 16 years to go. Needed: seamless interconnection of databases  Archiprod archive of performances  Brahms composers’ bios  Mustica production technical documentation of works  Loris scores, books…  Web site Future events Solutions  Now: gateway www.musiquecontemporaine.fr  Soon: events in gateway? automatic aggregation?  Later: independent referentials events, people, works, places, rôles…

27. 2. Publication – the Gateway

28. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 28 Framework Past  1995 Dreams (Z39.50). 2004 Gateway to ethnomusicological contents. 2005 IAML talk. 2006  Yearly call of Culture Ministry for digitization and publication of cultural contents  Proposal by a consortium Cdmc (leader), Cité de la musique, Conservatoire de Paris, Eic, Ircam (design), Médiathèque Mahler 2007  Project runs and ends 100,000 records  New proposal + Acanthes, Conservatoire de Lyon, 6 centres of contemporary creation 2008  Project runs  eContentPlus proposal Marsel  New national proposal?

29. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 29 Principles Domain selection contemporary music Information modelization gateway metadata Interface design Rights to contents

30. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 30 Diversity of resources Database CDMCCitéCNSMDPEICIrcamMMM Sound archives Catalogue (books, scores, periodicals, manuscripts…) Calendar of events Address book (people, corporate) Biographies, work lists and documentation Production notes, concert programs and notes Documentary files Instruments

31. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 31 Organization principle Gateway 1 Library catalogue Agenda of events Sound archives Biographies, articles Concert notes Partner C Library catalogue Agenda of events Sound archives Biographies, articles Concert notes Partner A Library catalogue Agenda of events Sound archives Biographies, articles Concert notes Partner B Gateway 2

32. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 32 Principles: well-defined and relevant sources Gateway to selected partners  Periodically retrieves only relevant metadata harvester simple protocol OAI (Open Archive Initiative) common metadata model and language MODS  Provides search & browse features local record, remote contents Useful shortcuts mini thesaurus Partners make available  The relevant metadata sets Add a connector to each database repository Provide metadata in adequate form  Contents as available and allowed Referenced in the metadata Not copied to the gateway Differentiated access on-site / partners / everyone else

33. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 33 Metadata model: simplified MODS Derived from MARC  Humanly readable XML  Easy conversion from any schemes mostly optional “fields”  Keeps associations people/rôles, subject/author/title… Hierarchical ad inf.  Express structure collections/items, cds/tracks, meta- events/events…  In the record/from record to record Extensible  Instrumentation  Rights of access to contents intranet/extranet/internet  Pseudo-FRBR

34. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 34 Resource categorization and attributes (encoding) cartographic corporate event mixed material moving image notated music person software sound recording sound recording-musical sound recording-non musical still image text 3D object (media) cassette… concert conférence disque compact… document numérique document imprimé document manuscrit émission exposition groupe d’événements microfiche organisme personne … (nature of resource) adresse atelier bibliothèque… biographie catalogue centre de recherche colloque dictionnaire éditeur festival formation master class monographie note de programme notice d’œuvre salle de spectacle … (rôle, instrumentation) auteur compositeur conférencier intervenant musicien interprète instrument(iste)s ensembles

35. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 35 Home page: express search, agenda. Access to detailed search and other sections of the site.

36. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 36 After an express search. Refine results (left), access to records (center), access to contents (right)

37. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 37 Direct access to audio contents with embeded player. To see record, click on blue text.

38. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 38 Detailed record. Access to original record, to audio contents. Identification of holder. Structure.

39. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 39 Refinement: by type of recording (conference vs. musical work).

40. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 40 Refinement: by provider (and location of physical contents or full-length audio contents).

41. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 41 Refinement: by person name (composer, performers, etc.)

42. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 42 Access to original record, to parent record, to MODS source.

43. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 43 Source record

44. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 44 Indexing the Grove as if it were a repository.

45. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 45 Local record mentions access restrictions to the Grove record (subscription required).

46. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 46 Example of a detailed search (of events). Other detailed search forms available.

47. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 47 Online documentation of the model used by the gateway.

48. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 48 Project status Contents  Ca. 100,000 records Google indexes 60%  Ca. 20% online contents audio video print manuscripts Current developments  Multilingualism done  Fuller documentation www.musiquecontemporaine.fr/doc  Ongoing digitization METS for preservation  Genericization for gateways to other kinds of resources  Europeana Rights Future  New potential partners BnF, Ina, ensembles…  Contextual and semantic navigation  Archival service Multi-institution Archiprod + hosting

49. 3. References

50. Torino, October 24, 2008 mediatheque.ircam.fr/articles/textes/Fingerhut08e 50 References The Multimedia Library web site http://mediatheque.ircam.fr The Library’s newswatch service http://veille.ircam.fr IRCAM’s institutional web site http://www.ircam.fr IAML’s Newsletter http://www.iaml.info/publications/newsletter The Gateway http://www.musiquecontemporaine.fr The ISMIR web site http://www.ismir.net Europeana http://www.europeana.eu Yves Raimond: A distributed Music Information System http://moustaki.org/phd/thesis.pdf