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Published byPauline Knight Modified over 9 years ago
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The skeletal system is the body system that serves as a support framework, protects vital organs, works with muscles to produce movement, and produces blood cells.
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Functions of Skeletal System
Support – gives body shape, structure enables you to stand erect or body would collapse Protection – protects internal organs and fragile body tissue Movement – bone provide the structure for muscle to attach so that our bodies are able to move
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Bones At birth you have about 300 bones, adults have about 206 bones
Bone is the structural material of the skeletal system Layers of bone Periosteum = thin tissue that covers bone and contains nerves and blood vessels Compact bone = outer layer, strong and dense Spongy bone = lighter, slightly flexible Bone marrow = inner layer where new red and white blood cells are constantly being produced
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Joints Joint is the point where two bones meet
Hinge joint – bend and straighten (elbow, knee) Ball and socket joint – twisting, turning movement (shoulder, hip) 360 degrees Pivot joint – turns side to side (neck) Ligament – fiber that connects bones together
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Skeletal Structure – Middle of Body
Cranium/Skull – protects brain and eyes Spine/Backbone – vertebrae with cartilage in between each, protects spinal cord Sternum/Breastbone – linked to ribcage, middle bone, protects chest Rib cage – 12 pairs of ribs, protects heart and lungs Hip bones - help us stand upright and support much of the body’s weight
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Skeletal Structure – Upper Limbs
Clavicle (collarbone) Scapula (shoulder blade) Humerus – long bone of upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow Radius – shorter of the 2 lower arm bones, located on the inside of the arm (thumb side) Ulna – bone extending from the elbow to wrist, located on the outside of arm (opposite of thumb)
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Skeletal Structure – Lower Limbs
Femur - thigh bone, extends from hip joint to knee, longest bone in body Patella – knee cap Tibia - inside bone of the lower leg, strongest bone in the body Fibula – outside bone of the lower leg, thinner of the 2 lower leg bones, helps control movement of ankle (shin bone)
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Upper and Lower Limbs
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Skeletal Structure – Wrist and Hand
Carpals – wrist bones Metacarpals - palm Phalanges – fingers Each hand – 27 bones
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Skeletal Structure – Ankle and Foot
Each foot has 26 bones Tarsals – ankle bones Metatarsals - main part of foot, instep Phalanges - toes
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Keep your Skeletal System Healthy
Choose foods rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D. Exercise to strengthen joints. Wear protective equipment and properly-fitting, well-cushioned shoes and warm up before exercising. Sit, stand and walk with correct posture. Participate in screening for scoliosis
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