1. DISASTER EMERGENCY RESPONSE A FOCUS ON SEARCH AND RESCUE AFTER A LANDSLIDE Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS NATURAL HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY FOUR PILLARS OF RESILIENCE

3. A DISASTER OCCURS WHEN A CITY’S PUBLIC POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BECOME … UN—PREPARED UN—PROTECTED UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY NON—RESILIENT IN THE RECOVERY PHASE

4. THE FOUR PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE 3. EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EVACUATION; MASS CARE; SEARCH AND RESCUE; EMERGENCY MEDICAL; EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION; LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE)…

5. LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) NATURAL PHENOMENA THAT OCCUR WITH OR WITHOUT HUMAN ACTIVITY

6. NOTE: Mudflows can be similar to unstable flowing concrete, which makes extraction of people very difficult during search and rescue operations

7. PHENOMENA THAT INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD OF LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS ) a) WINTER STORMS, b) HEAVY RAINFALL, c) FLASH FLOODS, d) PAST WILDFIRES, e) EARTHQUAKES, f) HURRICANES/ TYPHOONS, g) TREE CLEARING h) URBANIZATION

8. NOTABLE LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) OF 2010 TOGETHER, THEY CREATED A DIVERSE SET OF URGENT SITUATIONS CALLING FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS AND/OR EVACUATIONS

9. SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS: The Timely And Intelligent Concentration of a City’s Resources to Meet Extremely Urgent Needs During the First Few Hours and Days After a Large-Volume Landslide

10. NOTABLE LANDSLIDES IN 2010 MACHU PICCHU, PERU SO. CALIF MADEIRA, PORTUGAL INDONESIA BRAZIL COLOMBIA

11. MACHU PICCHU: JANUARY 28, 2010

12. On January 28, 2010, rain and mudflows devastated the homes of thousands of Peruvians living in the vicinity of Machu Picchu and stranded tourists visiting Machu Picchu and the Peruvian authorities.

13. Peruvian authorities used helicopters to airlift some of the foreign tourists trapped by rain and mudslides after seven people visiting the famed Inca ruins had been killed.

14. More than 2,500 others were left stranded: 1,900 in nearby Aguas Calientes and 670 more on the Inca Trail, the narrow Andean pathway up to Machu Picchu that had been cut in several places by mudflows.

15. MUDSLIDES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: FEB 6-10, 2010 THE INTERSECTION OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN SO. CA’s FIRST WINTER STORM OF 2010 AND BURNED OUT AREAS FROM WILDFIRES OF 2009 WAS A Rx FOR LANDSLIDES

16. WILDFIRE BURN AREAS ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO MUDSLIDES

17. Forty-three homes in the La Canada Flintridge area of Southern California were damaged and 800 more were evacuated Saturday, February 6 th, after water and mud overflowed basins and temporary barriers, and surged into streets, taking furniture, cars and concrete barriers with them.

18. The intense heat from past wildfires also caused the soil to seal itself, which made the mudslides move even faster.

19. FACT: MUDFLOWS INCREASE AFTER WILDFIRES

20. After 2009’s wildfires, the steep slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains were shedding substantial debris (ranging from fine sediment to large rock pieces) into the stream channels, which caused debris flows after a storm to be similar to flowing concrete.

21. LA CONCHITA, CA

22. MUDSLIDES IN LA CONCHITA, CA: JAN 13, 2010

23. MUDSLIDES IN LA CONCHITA, CA

24. CARS TRAPPED IN FLASH FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES

25. CARS TRAPPED IN MUDSLIDES

26. MUDSLIDES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

27. ANOTHER VIEW

28. SHOVELING MUD

29. FLASH FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES IN THE MADEIRA ISLANDS, PORTUGAL AT LEAST 42 DEAD FEBRUARY 20-21, 2010

30. LOCATION OF MADEIRA

31. WHAT HAPPENED The worst storm to hit Madeira since 1993 lashed the south of the Atlantic Ocean island, including the capital, Funchal, Saturday, turning some streets into torrents of mud, water, and debris.

32. WHAT HAPPENED (continued) The flash floods were so powerful they carved new paths down mountain slopes and ripped through the city, churning under some bridges and tearing others down.

33. A RESCUE: FEBRUARY 21:

34. MUDFLOW: FEBRUARY 21

36. FEBRUARY 21: DAMAGED ROAD

37. MUDFLOW: FEBRUARY 21

38. MUDFLOW: FERUARY 22

39. MUDFLOW: FEBRUARY 22

40. SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS After sunrise on Sunday morning, it was easier for rescue workers to move around roads and bridges damaged by floodwaters and littered with uprooted trees, cars and boulders.

41. FEBRUARY 22: SEARCH AND RESCUE

42. EARTH MOVER AIDS S AND R

43. RAIN, TREE CLEARING, AND MUDSLIDES IN CIWIDNEY, INDONESIA FEBRUARY 23-25, 2010

44. FEBRUARY 23: CIWIDEY, INDONESIA

47. RAIN AND LANDSLIDES NEAR RIO DE JANIERO, BRAZIL FEBRUARY 25, 2010

48. FEBRUARY 25: RIO DE JANIERO, BRAZIL

49. LANDSLIDE DISASTER IN COLOMBIA OCCURS DURING COLOMBIA’S WORST RAINY SEASON IN DECADES DECEMBER 6, 2010

50. LOCATION

51. Prior to Dec. 6 th weeks of heavy rain across the country had already caused floods and landslides that killed more than 200 people and displaced thousands

52. A mountainside collapsed in the Antioquia province on Monday, December 6 th, sweeping away houses and burying villages and people under tons of rock and mud.

53. SEARCH AND RESCUE

54. Local residents used their bare hands immediately after the slide to dig into tons of mud that buried 30 houses, and, in spite of the hopelessness of the task without heavy machinery, were still able to save seven people.

55. Red Cross sniffer dogs identified locations where victims were buried, but officials said it was hopeless, because it would take several days to dig them out.

56. SEARCH AND RESCUE

57. The search and rescue operations were hampered by continued heavy rainfall, which increased the likelihood of additional landslides.