1. Prospects for Food & Water Availability and Quality A view based on Climate Change Let's Avoid Climate Change is Happening Mitigation Effects/Adaptation Bruce A. McCarl Distinguished Professor of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University mccarl@tamu.edu, http//ageco.tamu.edu/faculty/mccarl Presented at a meeting on Megaregions + MetroProsperity: Sustainable Economics for the Texas Triangle During panel on Food & water: Are we secure? Houston, September 24, 2009

2. Coverage Do we have a food issue now? What will climate change do to food? What will climate change due to water? Fresh Sea level What are challenges of climate change mitigation and adaptation

3. Do we have a food issue now? The Texas Megaregion is Food Deficit and has no prospects of being any other way. We import. As a state we are food surplus likely only in cotton ( 30%) beef (16%) wheat (5-7%) Broilers (6%) None of these are big enough in triangle area

4. 1997-2008 Some say recent data shows this is over Easterling, D. R., and M. F. Wehner (2009),Is the climate warming or cooling?, Geophys. Res. Lett., in press. (accepted 30 March 2009)

5. 1987-1996 1997-2008 Ups and downs in global atmospheric temperatures over a decade are not easy to interpret Global Average Climate Change 1977-1989 Easterling, D. R., and M. F. Wehner (2009),Is the climate warming or cooling?, Geophys. Res. Lett., in press. (accepted 30 March 2009)

6. Precipitation is increasing but not here Amount from wet days is increasing Subtropics forecast to be drier Degree of climate change Precipitation

7. Less water Degree of climate change - What is projected Texas in relatively severely affected area

9. Nationally more crops – Texas 25% less acres Cold limited acres CO2 effect Source McCarl work for US National Assessment Table 2 National crop sensitivity over all crops giving average yield change in percent to 2030 -- GCM behind Climate Scenario -- Hadley Canadian CSIRO REGCM Corn Belt 24.02 18.23 6.05 6.58 Great Plains 25.29 17.28 3.67 4.82 Lake States 43.75 53.03 9.34 11.84 Northeast 9.48 -2.07 2.13 4.45 Rocky Mountains 27.74 19.37 18.27 15.04 Pacific Southwest 17.76 21.44 15.58 15.05 Pacific Northwest 65.42 17.01 17.22 18.30 South Central 13.25 -6.06 -0.71 -0.79 Southeast 10.00 -3.16 3.84 2.40 South West 21.66 14.69 3.38 2.60 National 25.14 16.51 6.02 6.46 Red signifies results below mean http://agecon2.tamu.edu/people/faculty/mccarl-bruce/papers/778.pdf Live with it - Agriculture

10. IPCC 0.18-0.6 meters (no ice melt) Greenland 7 meters Antarctica 55 meters Scenarios 1-5 meters Houston 13 meters Sea Level – Coastal http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenterPublicationsSLRMapsIndex.html http://www.glo.state.tx.us/coastal/erosion/reimbursement/pdf/Surfside_Beach_historic_shorelines.pdf

11. Pre industrial - 275Counting Non CO 2 1985 - 345this is increase almost doubles 2007 - 380+ Mitigation of climate change Why is this happening http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/co2_data_mlo.html

12. Climate change mitigation – Texas and GHGs US EIA, http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html 2003 State by State Energy related CO2 emissions -- Texas wins US EPA, http://www.eia.doe.gov/environment.html Most emissions from energy Emissions growing

13. Why Adapt - Inevitability [1] [1] The best estimate of climate sensitivity is 3ºC [WG 1 SPM]. [2][2] Note that global mean temperature at equilibrium is different from expected global mean temperature at the time of stabilization of GHG concentrations due to the inertia of the climate system. For the majority of scenarios assessed, stabilisation of GHG concentrations occurs between 2100 and 2150. [3][3] Ranges correspond to the 15 th to 85 th percentile of the post-TAR scenario distribution. CO 2 emissions are shown so multi-gas scenarios can be compared with CO 2 -only scenarios. 500 600 700 800 Stabilization level (ppm CO 2 -eq) Global mean temp. increase at equilibrium (ºC) Year CO2 needs to peak Year CO2 emissions back at 2000 level Reduction in 2050 CO2 emissions compared to 2000 445 – 4902.0 – 2.42000 - 20152000- 2030-85 to -50 490 – 5352.4 – 2.82000 - 20202000- 2040-60 to -30 535 – 5902.8 – 3.22010 - 20302020- 2060-30 to +5 590 – 7103.2 – 4.02020 - 20602050- 2100+10 to +60 710 – 8554.0 – 4.92050 - 2080+25 to +85 855 – 11304.9 – 6.12060 - 2090+90 to +140

14. Basic Resources Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report - Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, http://www.ipcc.ch/.http://www.ipcc.ch/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report - Climate Change 2007: Mitigation, http://www.ipcc.ch/.http://www.ipcc.ch/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report - The Scientific Basis, http://www.ipcc.ch/. http://www.ipcc.ch/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report – Synthesis Report, http://www.ipcc.ch/. http://www.ipcc.ch/ National Assessment Synthesis Team, US Global Change Research Program, Climate Change Impacts on the United States:The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change Overview: 2000 http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/Library/nationalassessment/overview.htmhttp://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/Library/nationalassessment/overview.htm National Assessment Synthesis Team, US Global Change Research Program, Climate Change Impacts on the United States:The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change Foundation: 2000 http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/Library/nationalassessment/foundation.htm http://agecon.tamu.edu/faculty/mccarl/papers.htm