1. Venereal Disease VD
STD’s
STI’s
Sexually Transmitted Infections

2. Some Facts….
STI’s account for more than 85 percent of the most common communicable diseases in the US
More than half of all people will have an STI at some point in their lifetime
Each year, one in four teens contracts an STI
One in two sexually active persons will contact an STI by age 25
Of the STI’s that are diagnosed, only some (gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, hepatitis A and B) are required to be reported to state health departments and the CDC.

3. Who Gets Them? IV drug users Having multiple sex partners
Engaging in close personal contact with infected person(s)
ANYONE

4. Herpes 1 & 2 Oral : Genital: herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1)
Usually causes cold sores
Genital:
herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2)
Usually causes genital sores
Herpes can be passed from mother to child during delivery
Estimated 1 million new cases each year
Approximately 45 million people currently infected
Both types can infect the mouth and the genitals

5. Symptoms of Oral Herpes
Cold Sores on Lips or inside of mouth

6. Genital Herpes It is a lifelong (but manageable) infection
Up to 90% of those with herpes are unaware they have it.
Results of a nationally representative study show that genital herpes infection is common in the United States. Nationwide, at least 45 million people ages 12 and older, or 1 out of 5 adolescents and adults, have had genital HSV infection.
Genital HSV-2 infection is more common in women (approximately 1 out of 4 women) than in men (almost 1 out of 8).
This may be due to male-to-female transmission being more likely than female-to-male transmission.

7. Symptoms of Genital Herpes
Clusters of blistery sores usually on the
Vagina
Vulva
Cervix
Penis
Anus
** Symptoms may last several weeks, go away, and then return -- weeks, months, or even years later
***Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2

8. More symptoms: Pain in the effected area Itching
Burning feeling if urine flows over sores
Inability to urinate if severely swollen from many sores

9. How is Herpes spread?
Moist areas of the:
mouth
anus
vulva
vagina
penis
eyes
Skin can be infected if it is cut, chafed or burned
Transmission can occur from an infected partner who does not have a visible sore and may not know that he or she is infected.

10. Preventing the spread of Herpes
• Don’t touch the sores
• Wash your hands after going to the bathroom
• Wash your hands before rubbing your eyes
when you wake up
• Don’t wet contact lenses with saliva

11. Preventing the spread of Herpes cont.
• Wash your hands before touching a contact lens
• If you have a cold sore - DON’T KISS ANYONE
• If a genital sore is present - NO SEXUAL INTERCOURSE - even with a condom

12. Something to think about…
Most people who have genital herpes are asymptomatic
The virus can spread in the absence of symptoms Medication can relieve the symptoms, but cannot cure herpes infection
The virus is potentially fatal for infants who contract it from their mother at birth

13. Chlamydia Currently the #1 sexually transmitted disease in the US
Bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females
40% of cases are reported in teens 15 to 19 years old
Asymptomatic in 75% of infected females and 50% of infected males
Often goes undetected until serious complications occur

14. Symptoms
Chlamydia is known as a "silent" disease because about three quarters of infected women and about half of infected men have no symptoms.
If symptoms do occur, they usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure.

15. Chlamydia: Common Symptoms
Women:
abnormal vaginal discharge
burning sensation when urinating
Men:
discharge from penis
Burning/itching around the opening of the penis.
Both:
Pain during intercourse
Pain or dull aching in lower abdomen

16. Chlamydia
In 2006, 1,030,911 chlamydial infections were reported to CDC
Under-reporting is substantial because most people with chlamydia are not aware of their infections and do not seek testing

17. Chlamydia: Dangers Infection of the cervix   Can result in PID
Chronic Long-term Pelvic pain
Infertility in males and females
Women infected with chlamydia are up to 5 times more likely to become infected with HIV, if exposed

18. Untreated Chlamydia
In women, untreated infection can spread into the uterus or fallopian tubes and cause pelvic inflammatory disease. This happens in up to 40% of women with untreated chlamydia.
PID can cause permanent damage to the fallopian tubes, uterus, and surrounding tissues. The damage can lead to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus).

19. How is it Spread? Through vaginal, oral or anal intercourse
Infants born to infected females can develop eye disease or pneumonia
Can also cause premature birth

20. Treatment Antibiotics:
Tetracycline
Penicillin
Erythromycin
Can be treated, but no immunity develops – a person can become infected again!

21. Gonorrhea A gonococcal bacterial infection
The highest rates of gonorrhea infection are found in females from 15 to 19 years old and in males from 20 to 24 years old

22. Gonorrhea: Symptoms In males: burning during urination
Usually, symptoms will appear in 1 to 5 days after exposure to the bacteria; Sometimes take up to 2 weeks to appear, and in some cases, don't appear at all.
burning during urination
cloudy, bad smelling discharge from the penis.
tenderness or swelling in the lymph nodes of the groin

23. Gonorrhea: Symptoms In Females: Women are usually asymptomatic
Usually the woman's cervix becomes infected and produces a yellow-green discharge, but it is not very heavy and often goes unnoticed.
May also have trichomoniasis, which can hide the presence of gonorrhea.
Any woman who thinks she might have gonorrhea needs to get tested-and a Pap smear does not test for gonorrhea.

24. Gonorrhea
Anywhere from 50-80% of women with gonorrhea have no symptoms
Females can pass it to their child at birth

25. Gonorrhea Dangers • Infection of the cervix • Urethral infections
• Rectal infections
• Infections of the throat
• PID or Sterility

26. Through vaginal, oral or anal intercourse
How is it spread ?
Through vaginal, oral or anal intercourse

27. Treatment
Antibiotics:
Tetracycline
Penicillin
Erythromycin

28. Syphilis: A bacterial infection
Symptoms:
Primary stage
Painful sores (chancre) at the point at which the spirochete entered the body:
• genitals • mouth
• cervix • anus
• penis • lips

29. Syphilis: Symptoms Secondary Stage Chancre disappears Hair loss Fever
Sore throat
Muscle pains
Weight loss

30. Tertiary Stage Heart damage Brain damage Blindness Death
Syphilis: Symptoms
Tertiary Stage
Heart damage
Brain damage
Blindness
Death

31. How is it spread. Vaginal, anal or oral sex
How is it spread? Vaginal, anal or oral sex. ***Most contagious when sores are present

32. Treatment
Antibiotics:
Tetracycline
Penicillin
Erythromycin

33. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
The most commonly transmitted STI
A virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection
50 – 75% of sexually active males and females acquire HPV infection at some time
About 40 different types of HPV can infect the genital area

34. HPV There is no treatment for the virus
Treatments are available to reduce the severity and duration of breakouts of genital warts
Some HPV types can cause cervical cancer and other less common cancers:
vulva, vagina, anus, and penis
The types of HPV that can cause genital warts are not the same as the types that can cause cancer.
Types (referred to based on chance of contracting cancer):
“low-risk” (wart-causing)
“high-risk” (cancer-causing)
In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system clears the HPV infection naturally within two years

35. Symptoms
Genital warts usually appear as small bumps or groups of bumps, usually in the genital area.
Can be raised or flat, single or multiple, small or large, and sometimes cauliflower shaped.
Can appear on the vulva, in or around the vagina or anus, on the cervix, and on the penis, scrotum, groin, or thigh.
Warts may appear within weeks or months after sexual contact with an infected person. Or, they may not appear at all.
If left untreated, genital warts may go away, remain unchanged, or increase in size or number. They will not turn into cancer.

36. Symptoms
Cervical cancer does not have symptoms until it is quite advanced.
It is important for women to get screened regularly for cervical cancer. 
Other less common HPV-related cancers, such as cancers of the vulva, vagina, anus and penis, also may not have signs or symptoms until they are advanced.
How it turns to cancer:
Can cause normal cells on infected skin or mucous membranes to turn abnormal
If a high-risk HPV infection is not cleared by the immune system, it can linger for many years and turn abnormal cells into cancer over time

37. Genital Warts How is it spread? Vaginal, oral or anal sex
(Human Papilloma Virus or HPV)
How is it spread?
Vaginal, oral or anal sex

38. Pubic Lice
Tiny wingless insects that feed at the base of hair follicles.
Normally found in the pubic region.

39. Pubic Lice (crabs)
Dangers:
• Raw irritated skin
• Possible infections

40. How is it spread?
Close personal contact
Bed linens

41. Yes!! Pubic Lice (crabs) Treatable?
Over the counter and prescription medications