1. Head and Facial Injuries
Chapter 6
Head and Facial Injuries

2. Lesson Objectives (1 of 2)
Recognize and manage injuries of the scalp and face.
Recognize and manage eye problems.
Recognize and manage ear problems.
Recognize and manage nose injuries.

3. Lesson Objectives (2 of 2)
Know how to manage a throat obstruction.
Identify and mange jaw injuries.
Manage cuts on the lips and tongue.
Identify and manage basic dental problems.

4. Injuries of the Scalp and Face (1 of 5)
Scalp wounds: What to look for
Profuse bleeding
Signs of neck or brain injury
Exposed bone

5. Injuries of the Scalp and Face (2 of 5)
Scalp wounds: What to do
Evaluate for head and spinal injury.
Control bleeding.
Clean wound.
Cover with sterile dressing.
Monitor for brain injury using the AVPU scale.

6. Injuries of the Scalp and Face (3 of 5)
Facial wounds: What to look for
Look for extensive bleeding.
Facial wounds: What to do
Clean wound.
Restore skin flaps.
Apply dressing.
Evacuate all but trivial injuries.

7. Injuries of the Scalp and Face (4 of 5)
Facial fracture: What to look for
Protruding eyeball
Double vision or abnormal eye movements
Tender, flattened cheek
Pain on chewing or opening mouth

8. Injuries of the Scalp and Face (5 of 5)
Facial fracture:
What to do
Patch one eye to correct double vision.
Evacuate to a surgeon.

9. Eye Problems (1 of 4) What to look for What to do
Obvious foreign bodies, redness, blood, puss, or unequal pupils.
Vision problems.
What to do
Seek medical care.
Evacuate.

10. Eye Problems (2 of 4) Contact lenses Dry eye Infection
Nonpenetrating injury
Foreign body
Scratch

11. Eye Problems (3 of 4)
Ultraviolet burn (snow blindness)

12. Eye Problems (4 of 4) Chemical burn Bruising Frozen eyelashes
Open injury (penetrating)
Impaled object
Eyelid injury
Lost eyeglasses

13. Ear Problems Foreign body in the ear: What to do
Lubricate the inside of the ear with vegetable or mineral oil.
Have the victim shake head vigorously to dislodge.
Flush ear with clean, warm water.
Remove visible objects carefully with tweezers.

14. Nose Injuries (1 of 2) Nosebleed: What to do Have victim lean forward.
Squeeze nostrils together and press on victim’s face.
If bleeding continues, have victim blow nose.
Place cold pack across bridge of nose.

15. Nose Injuries (2 of 2) Broken nose Black eyes What to look for
Swollen, tender, possibly misshapen nose
Bleeding and difficulty breathing through nostrils
Black eyes
What to do
Apply cold pack to reduce swelling and bleeding.

16. Throat Obstruction What to look for What to do
Victim with meat or food stuck in esophagus who can breathe and speak.
Victim who has object stuck in throat who cannot eat or speak.
What to do
Use abdominal thrusts for obstructed breathing.
Have victim try and wash down or regurgitate stuck food.

17. Jaw Injuries (1 of 2)
Fracture

18. Jaw Injuries (2 of 2)
Dislocation

19. Injuries of the Lips and Tongue
Cuts: What to do
Control bleeding.
Apply a cold pack.
Soak gauze with nasal decongestant spray or drops and apply to wound.
Have the victim rinse well after eating.

20. Dental Problems
Toothache
Cavities
Abscess
Avulsed tooth