1. f UEC - 6 Oct 06 Recent FNAL Collider Operations Ron Moore Fermilab – Tevatron Dept.

2. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL2 Hooray for record luminosities! How’d you do it? Notable achievements since the long shutdown ended –Delivered lumi / week = 33.3 pb -1 –Delivered lumi from Aug 28-Sep 3 ≈ 119 pb -1 –Peak luminosity = 229 10 30 cm -2 s -1 (store 4964 average, before D0 correction) –Record # pbars at start HEP ≈ 2870 10 9 Contents –Ingredients to record running Tevatron: efficiencies, luminosity lifetime Recycler: new working point  smaller emittances Pbar Source: near record stacking rates Proton Source: near record beam intensity Reliability (and little luck) –FY07 Plan

3. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL3 Where have we been? FY06 Outcome Tevatron B1 Repairs/ Start-up Tevatron A4 Warm-up/ Repairs FY06 Shutdown

4. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL4 Run II Peak Luminosities

5. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL5 Luminosity Formula N = bunch intensity, f = collision frequency ε = transverse emittance (size), σ z = bunch length H = “hour glass” factor (<1, accounts for beam size over finite bunch length) Increasing the Luminosity Decrease β* (new 28 cm β* lattice in Sep 05) Increase N a and/or decrease ε a from Recycler + electron cooling Increase N p

6. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL6 Increasing Beam Intensities 10000 E9  278 E9 / bunch 2700 E9  75 E9 / bunch

7. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL7 Reduced Tevatron Beam Loss @ 150 GeV

8. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL8 Reduced Beam-Beam Effects @ 150 GeV Protons suffered from higher pbar intensities New helix (separator voltages) increased separation, especially at worst crossing point

9. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL9 Long-range beam-beam effects degrade luminosity lifetime + integral –Nearest parasitic crossings (≈59 m from IPs) especially bad During shutdown, additional separators installed to increase separation –More separation  reduced beam-beam effects –~20% increase @ upstream IP –Not as much @ downstream IP Luminosity lifetime improved ~20% compared to pre-shutdown running –Increased integrated luminosity per store (for given store length) Tevatron Luminosity Lifetimes

10. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL10 Better Lifetime  More Delivered Luminosity Based on luminosity lifetime fits and adjusting to 24 hour store duration

11. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL11 Comparing HEP Stores to Model Luminosity evolution during HEP now agrees better to model without beam-beam effects Most pbars lost during HEP are burned in luminosity –That’s good! Protons suffer more from beam-beam effects –Especially with smaller pbars V. Lebedev

12. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL12 New Recycler Working Point During HEP shot-setup, Recycler “momentum-mines” 9 parcels that become the 9 pbar transfers (4 bunches/transfer) shot to the Tevatron Poor lifetime and high transverse emittance growth rate in that state New tune working point reduced emittance growth rate (mid-August)  Brighter (smaller emittance) pbars delivered to Tevatron  Higher instantaneous luminosity for same number of pbars  (Smaller emittances also improves pbar and proton efficiencies in Tevatron) Currently limiting max Recycler pbar “stash” to 400 10 10 Increase as experience and pbar stacking rate allow

13. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL13 Pbar Stacking Started slowly after shutdown, partly due to Booster proton output Ramped up to record performance (20.5 mA / hr peak yesterday) Increasing stacking still most direct route to higher Tev luminosities Average Stacking Rate [10 10 mA / hr] Pbars Delivered [10 10 ]

14. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL14 Protons on Pbar Target Now > 8 10 12 protons / pulse on target

15. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL15 Reliability Motherhood statement: You can’t integrate luminosity if you aren’t running … Mother Nature statement: How’d you like Monday’s storm? I won that round… 5 store running averages

16. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL16 Where do we go from here? The FY07 Plan 8 week shutdown ~2x existing dataset Ramp up to 48 pb -1 / week

17. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL17 FY07 Plan for Peak Luminosity

18. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL18 Summary Record running thanks to performance and reliability of all machines –More protons on pbar target (Linac / Booster / Main Injector) –Near record pbar stacking rates (Debuncher / Accumulator) –Smaller pbar emittances from Recycler –More beam to HEP and improved luminosity lifetime in Tevatron –Good reliability and luck to avoid (most of) Mother Nature’s wrath Current Tevatron Records –Delivered luminosity / week = 33.3 pb -1 –Peak luminosity = 229 10 30 cm -2 s -1 FY07 plan –Deliver ≈ 1800 pb -1 at up to 48 pb -1 / week –Reach peak luminosity 3.2 10 30 cm -2 s -1 –8 week shutdown during summer

19. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL19 AcceleratorHighest Energy Cockroft Walton750 keV Linac400 Mev Booster8 GeV Main injector150 GeV TEVATRON980 GeV NuMI (120 GeV) MiniBoone (8 GeV) P1 Line A1 Line

20. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL20

21. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL21 FY07 Plan for Weekly Integrated Lumi

22. f UEC - 6 Oct 06R. Moore - FNAL22 Run II Luminosity Projections Zero-Stack Pbar Stacking Rate Design Now on this line