1. World War II & Holocaust

2. Essential Questions
Why did several countries turn to dictators following WWI?
What conditions allowed for the rise of these dictators?
Why did the US remain out of foreign affairs following WWI?
What strategies did totalitarian regimes use to gain power?
What lesson can be learned from the policy of appeasement?

3. WWII What were the conditions in the 1930’s in the US?
Great Depression – unemployment, stock market crash (1929), falling farm prices, banks closed, etc.
What was the condition of Germany and other countries following WWI?
Inflation, unemployment, unstable democracies, economic depression, many parties (Communist, Socialist, Social Democrats) viewed capitalism as a failure due to the Great Depression
Turned to dictators

4. WWII WWII lasted from ___ to ___? 1939 to 1945
What were the exact dates of the war?
September 1, 1939 to September 2, 1945
What type of governments emerged in Italy, Spain, Germany and the USSR after WWI?
Totalitarian
What are several characteristics of a Totalitarian government?

5. WWII Single, charismatic leader One political party
Use of secret police, spies, terror, intimidation
Use of propaganda, brainwashing, indoctrination
Use of education, youth groups
State control of the economy

6. WWII What type of government emerged in Italy in 1923? Fascist
Who was the leader of this government?
Benito Mussolini
What was he known as?
Il Duce (The Leader)
What were Mussolini’s private army called?
Blackshirts
Whom did Mussolini replace?
Victor Emmanuel

7. WWII What country did Mussolini take over in 1935? Ethiopia
What other countries did he invade?
Libya, Albania
What Fascist came to power in Spain?
Francisco Franco
What was Spain’s position in WWII?
Neutral

8. WWII Who was the leader of the USSR following WWI?
Joseph Stalin (Man of Steel)
What type of government?
Communist
What were the state-run farms called?
Collective Farms
How did many people die in the USSR under Stalin?
Forced labor camps
What was Stalin’s goal for the USSR?
Industrialism

9. WWII
In what year did Hitler attempt to take over the German government?
1923
What was the name of this government?
Weimar Republic
What was the takeover attempt called?
Munich Putsch or Beer Hall Putsch
What was the result of the failed attempt?
Hitler was arrested and jailed

10. WWII What book did Hitler write in prison? Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
In what year was Hitler appointed Chancellor?
1933
Who was the former Chancellor?
Paul von Hindenburg
What was the name of Hitler’s party?
Nazi
Who were the Aryans?
Hitler’s idea of the “master race”
What is anti-semitism?
Hatred of and prejudice against Jewish people

11. WWII Who was the Emperor of Japan? Hirohito
Who was the military leader of Japan?
Heideki Tojo
What two major acts of aggression did Japan commit?
Invasion of Manchuria in 1931
Invasion of China in 1937
Why was Japan expanding its territories?
For resources and power
Who were the members of the “Axis?”
Germany, Italy, Japan

12. WWII What area did Hitler remilitarize in 1936? Rhineland
What country was annexed in 1938?
Austria
What was the union called?
Anschluss
Hitler used this term for “living space”
Lebensraum

13. WWII What area of Czechoslovakia did Hitler want to annex? Sudetenland
At what meeting did the allies challenge Hitler’s aggression?
Munich Conference (Pact)
Who was the British Prime Minister at Munich?
Neville Chamberlain

14. WWII What policy was adopted at Munich? Appeasement
How did this policy help Hitler?
He continued his aggression without interference
After taking the rest of Czechoslovakia, what country did Hitler invade next, starting WWII?
Poland
On what date did this happen?
September 1, 1939
Why is it important?
Marked the start of WWII

15. WWII What agreement had Hitler previously signed with Joseph Stalin?
Non-Aggression (Nazi-Soviet) pact
What military technique did Germany use to invade Poland?
Blitzkrieg
What happened to Poland?
Quick defeat – divided between Germany and USSR
What was the name of the line of French defenses against Germany?
Maginot Line

16. WWII What countries were taken by Germany in the following 6 months?
Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, France
What happened at Dunkirk?
British soldiers were rescued from coast of France
What was the only remaining allied country left in Europe by 1940?
Great Britain
What was the name of the German Air Force?
Luftwaffe
What was the name of the British Air Force?
Royal Air Force (RAF)

17. WWII Why was the Battle of Britain significant?
It was Hitler’s first defeat, stopped German advance
Who was the Prime Minister of GB?
Winston Churchill
How long was London bombed by Germany?
Approximately one year
Who was commander of German forces in North Africa?
Erwin Rommel
What was he known as?
Desert Fox

18. WWII What was America’s position when WWII began? Neutrality
What did Roosevelt (FDR) do as the Japanese expanded?
Moved the Pacific fleet to Hawaii
Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor?
The US threatened their expansion
What further angered Japan?
The US embargo on Japanese oil
On what date did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
December 7, 1941
Why was this important (as well as a mistake for Japan)?
The US entered the war

19. WWII What was the key “turning point” battle in Egypt? El Alamein
When did Hitler invade the Soviet Union?
1941
What was the name of this invasion?
Operation Barbarossa
What was the key “turning point” battle in the USSR?
Battle of Stalingrad
Why was this important?
It stopped Hitler’s advance into the Soviet Union

20. WWII What did “D-Day” refer to?
The allied invasion of western Europe through France
On what date did this occur?
June 6, 1944
What was it officially known as?
Operation Overlord
Why was this event significant?
It opened a western front against Germany as the Soviet Union moved in from the east

21. WWII What was the Battle of the Bulge?
Hitler’s last major offensive against the allies
Why was it important?
It was the costliest battle fought by the US Army
When was V-E Day?
May 8, 1945
What key island was taken by the Japanese forcing American troops to withdraw?
Philippines
What US commander said “I shall return?”
Douglas MacArthur

22. WWII
What was the name of the forced march of US and Filipino soldiers into the jungle?
Bataan Death March
For what two reasons was the battle of Coral Sea important?
First aircraft carrier battle
Stopped invasion of Australia
At what battle was the famous photo of US soldiers taken as they raised the flag on Mt. Suribachi?
Iwo Jima
What were kamikazes?
Japanese suicide pilots

23. WWII
At what Pacific battle did the US destroy 3 of 4 Japanese battleships?
Midway
What was the Manhattan Project?
Plan and design of the atom bomb
Who led this program?
Robert Oppenheimer
Where was the bomb first tested?
Los Alamos, NM
Who became President after the death of FDR?
Harry Truman

24. WWII What was the main reason for using a nuclear weapon on Japan?
US losses would be too high with a traditional invasion of Japan
What was the site of the first atom bomb?
Hiroshima
On what date?
August 6, 1945
What was the site of the second atom bomb?
Nagasaki
August 9, 1945

25. WWII Where did the Japanese surrender? Aboard the USS Missouri
On what date?
September 2, 1945
How long did WWII last?
6 years and 1 day
Where were many Japanese Americans held during WWII?
Internment camps on the west coast

26. WWII
What conference was held during the war where it was agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones of occupation?
Yalta (Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt)
At what meeting did Truman let Stalin know about the atom bomb?
Potsdam
What were the US plans for Germany and Japan?
Demilitarization – reduce the military
Democratization – set up democratic governments

27. Holocaust What is genocide?
The elimination of an entire group of people
What did this event become known as in Germany?
The Holocaust
The Germans referred to this as:
The Final Solution
When were the Nuremberg Laws passed?
1935

28. holocaust What were the Nuremburg Laws?
Laws that gradually stripped Jews of their rights
What are some examples of these laws?
Lost citizenship, jobs, businesses, removed from schools, J on passport, Sarah and Israel as middle names
What was Kristallnacht?
Jewish shops were destroyed (Night of Broken Glass)
What was the name of Germany’s first concentration camp?
Dachau

29. holocaust What are political prisoners?
People jailed due to political beliefs
What were ghettos?
Areas within the city where Jews were forced to live
What was the Wannsee Conference?
The meeting where the final decision to eliminate all the Jews was held
What were some of the death camps?
Auschwitz, Sobibor, Chelmo, Madjanek

30. holocaust What was the name of the mobile death squads in the USSR?
Einsatzgruppen
Why was Sobibor important?
A successful escape took place
Where did the largest Jewish uprising take place?
Warsaw ghetto, Poland
What chemical was used to kill people in the camps?
Zyklon B (pesticide)

31. holocaust Who was Joseph Mengele? Infamous doctor of Auschwitz
Approximately how many Jews were killed in the Holocaust?
6 million
Approximately how many people (total) died in Germany’s camps?
11 million

32. holocaust
What were the Nuremberg Trials?
Trial of Nazi war criminals