2. . Germany rearmed itself starting in 1933 ◦ withdrew from the League of Nations ◦ denounced disarmament clauses of the Treaty of Versailles ◦ announced the existence of an air force ◦ instituted conscription (the draft) ◦ built up munitions

4.  war is to be avoided at all costs ◦ the cure (war) is worse than the disease (tyrannical rule)  Democracies voted to work for peaceful means to resolve differences  Dictators believed that democracies would not fight, take advantage of peaceful means.

5.  Created an industrial power through totalitarianism.  Citizens had no rights  Government suppressed all opposition.

6.  Strong centralized government headed by a powerful dictator.  Rooted in extreme Nationalism  Mussolini dreamed of making Italy a world power  Mussolini extended control over every aspect of life by crushing all opposition, making Italy a totalitarian state.

7. Benito MussoliniFascism in Italy

8. . Italy wanted it’s own colony, ◦ Ethiopia was one of only two countries in Africa that was self-governed  League of Nations condemned the action, did nothing to stop it  this colonial war was remembered for exposing the weak bond on which the League of Nations was founded.  League of Nations was a total failure in terms of accomplishing the objectives for which it was established. ◦ both Italy as well as Ethiopia were members of the League of Nations yet the League was not able to prevent Italy from forcefully violating the rights of Ethiopia as well as acting outside of the League’s articles.

10.  Based on extreme Nationalism (like Fascism)  Hitler wanted to unite all German-speaking people.  Aryans form master race ◦ Inferior races were fit only to serve Aryans.  Wanted lebensraum (Living space) and is willing to fight for it.  After being elected, Hitler dismantled Weimar Republic and establishes Third Reich (third empire of Germany)

11. SudetenlandPoland

12.  War with Russia in 1905, win against the Czar  Invaded and conquered Manchuria in 1931  League condemned Japanese aggression  Japan quit League of Nations  Militarists gain control of Japan  They wanted to be the uniting power in South Pacific, control the whole area

14.  America grew more isolationistic ◦ 70% against America’s part in WWI  Many claim that greedy bankers and arms dealers dragged America into WWI ◦ Large profits by banks and arms manufacturers hard to refute (Merchants of death argument)  1935 Neutrality Acts ◦ Outlawed sales of arms or loans to nations at war.

16.  Spanish Civil War changed many American’s mind. ◦ Hitler and Mussolini used Spanish Civil War as training ground for their armies. ◦ Many wanted to stop Fascism in Spain but did too little, too late  Japan invaded China in 1937 ◦ Roosevelt didn’t enforce Neutrality Acts, sent aid to China to fight Japan

18. II Invasion of Manchuria was Japan’s Lebensraum (living room )