1. Principle Party Objectives “Big Four” – Woodrow Wilson (USA) – Georges Clemenceau (France) – David Lloyd George (GB) – Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Who is conspicuously absent? Why?

2. Gorges Clemenceau National Security is primary focus – De-militarization of Germany – Reclamation of land (especially Alsace and Lorraine) Reparations

3. David Lloyd George Colonies Elected based on demand for reparations – Complicated at Peace Conference due to importance of Germany as trade partner Check the growth of France (rivals) De-militarize Germany

4. Vittorio Orlando Land, specifically Fiume and Trieste (nationalism) Reparations

5. Woodrow Wilson Moral Diplomacy – 14 Points – League of Nations – “Peace without victory”

6. Peace Without Victory They imply, first of all, that it must be a peace without victory. … Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser, a victor's terms imposed upon the vanquished. It would be accepted in humiliation, under duress, at an intolerable sacrifice, and would leave a sting, a resentment, a bitter memory upon which terms of peace would rest, not permanently, but only as upon quicksand. Only a peace between equals can last. Only a peace the very principle of which is equality and a common participation in a common benefit. The right state of mind, the right feeling between nations, is as necessary for a lasting peace as is the just settlement of vexed questions of territory or of racial and national allegiance.

7. Treaty of Versailles Established the League of Nations Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war (Clause 231). This was vital because it provided the justification for... Germany had to pay £6,600 million (called Reparations) for the damage done during the war. – 132 Billion German Marks -> $400 Billion in today’s money – These payments were recently completed October 4, 2010 Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force. She could have a navy of only six battleships, and an Army of just 100,000 men. In addition, Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next to France. Germany lost territory (land) in Europe – Germany’s colonies were given to Britain and France. Also, Germany was forbidden to join the League of Nations, or unite with Austria. Austria-Hungary broken up into many different nations, without any input from Germany or Russia