1. Warm Up Watch the clips from Mona Lisa Smile, as you watch think about: – What has changed today? – What has stayed the same?

2. Objectives Content: Predict why women would not be paid the same amount as men. Learning: List two focus areas for Women’s Rights organizations after 1920.

3. The Women's Movement

4. Changing Role of Women Since the 1970’s, an increase of women in the workforce, politics, and media has changed the role of women in society. – Increases in: » Education level » Income » Leadership positions » Elected government positions

5. Common Workplace Disadvantages Discrimination against women in hiring practices Lower wages for women than for men doing the same job

6. Women’s Movement Legislation Title IX (Title Nine) – Passed in 1972 – Schools and colleges must give women equal academic and athletic opportunities if the school receives federal financial assistance. – Results in increased opportunities for women

8. ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) Men and women shall have equal rights under the law. The amendment failed to pass, but brought attention to equal employment opportunities for women. – Why did many women not want this amendment to pass? Discussion about the amendment has also helped women to gain better pay, better working conditions and advancement opportunities. http://youtu.be/NXPLirJRGDQ

9. National Organization for Women (NOW) Largest women’s rights organization in the country Began in 1966 to fight for passage of the ERA Today focuses heavily on fighting against all forms of oppression worldwide – Economic – Personal

10. Formative On a sheet of paper: – List 2 areas that women’s organizations have focused on after women gained the right to vote in 1920. (what still needs improvement today for women?)

12. Objectives Content: Hypothesize how to change unfair situations. Learning: Explain the problems and solutions to Jim Crow effects.

13. Civil Rights Movement and Its Origins

14. After World War II President Truman signed Executive Order 9981 in 1948 – It abolished racial discrimination in the military – It eventually desegregated the military – Encouraged African Americans’ aspirations (hopes) for equal opportunities

15. Civil Rights Movement (1954 – 1968) Fought for equal opportunities in jobs, housing, and education for African Americans. Also, the Civil Rights Movement fought against segregation National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Expands and becomes leading organization fighting for African American civil rights.

16. 3 Major Effects of Jim Crow 1. Separate educational facilities and resources for White and African American students 2. Separate public facilities 3. Social isolation of races

17. 1. “Separate But Equal” Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – Supreme Court case upholds that “separate but equal” is OK – No one has to prove equality – Justification for Jim Crow laws

18. Solution: Separate and UNequal Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – Overturns Plessy court case – “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." – Paves the way for school integration and the Civil Rights Movement – Only desegregates schools. Other court cases follow that desegregate other public places (ex: 1956 buses).

20. 2. Separate Public Facilities Buses Restaurants Restrooms Water Fountains

21. Rosa Parks December 1, 1955 Refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man and was arrested

22. Park’s arrest led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott where African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama boycotted the buses for a little over 1 year This ultimately led to a Supreme Court decision which desegregated all forms of public transportation (December 1956) Solution: Desegregation of Public Facilities

23. 3. Social Isolation of Races The Little Rock 9 – Nine African American students tried to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas – On September 4, 1957, a white mob and the Arkansas National Guard prevented the students from entering – After a court order police escorted the students in on September 23 but they were still socially separated from the other students. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VT9VRXwahz8&feature=related

24. Solution: Tolerance Breaking social barriers takes time and requires effort on both sides http://youtu.be/hEJaz3sinEs

26. Objectives Content: Name forms of non-violent protest. Learning: Explain your position on standing up for a cause.

27. Non-Violent Tools of The Civil Rights Movement Organized protests – Sit-ins – Marches – Freedom Riders http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/watch

28. The Risks A large part of the Civil Rights Movement was about non-violent protest….however the protesters faced many dangerous risks! – Protesters were: » Arrested » Assaulted » Threatened » Possibly murdered

29. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He was highly involved in the bus boycott and the NAACP Became a leader in the Civil Rights Movement Delivered the famous “I Have a Dream” speech Advocated passive resistance and non- violent protest as a way to end segregation https://youtu.be/lOig2v7ZfcA

30. Martin Luther King Jr. James Earl Ray Killed April 4, 1968 The Assassin

31. Challenges to Non-Violence Not everyone agreed with using non- violence Many individuals thought that they had waited too long and been through too much

32. Challenges to Non-Violence Malcolm X – Vibrant public speaker focusing on black pride – African Americans should get rid of racism “by any means necessary” (including violence) – Assassinated after he left the Nation of Islam and started considering other options

33. Challenges to Non-Violence Black Panther Party – Preached in “revolutionary war” (violence) to get what people have been denied for so long – 4 goals: equality in education, housing, employment and civil rights (goals are not just for African Americans)

34. Which economic system does this sound like? Capitalism or Communism? Why? 1) "Freedom; the power to determine the destiny of the Black and oppressed communities. 2) Full Employment; give every person employment or guaranteed income. 3) End to robbery of Black communities; the overdue debt of forty acres and two mules as promised to ex-slaves during the reconstruction period following the emancipation of slavery. 4) Decent housing fit for the shelter of human beings; the land should be made into cooperatives so that the people can build. 5) Education for the people; that teaches the true history of Blacks and their role in present day society. 6) Free health care; health facilities which will develop preventive medical programs. 7) End to police brutality and murder of Black people and other people of color and oppressed people. 8) End to all wars of aggression; the various conflicts which exist stem directly from the United States ruling circle. 9) Freedom for all political prisoners; trials by juries that represent our peers. 10) Land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, peace and community control of modern industry."

35. The Civil Rights Movement Success Resulted in laws that ensured constitutional rights to all citizens regardless of race 1.Civil Rights Act of 1964 » Outlawed racial discrimination against men and women and made all forms of segregation illegal 2.Voting Rights Act of 1965 » Outlawed discriminatory voting practices (no more literacy tests)

36. The Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights legislation led to increased educational, economic, and political opportunities for women and minorities.

37. “I have a dream” poster project Please make a poster (it will be hung up) with the caption “I have a dream”, followed by an issue that is important to you. – Ex: I have a dream that the whole world will live in peace! Include a picture of whatever your dream is Use color!