2. North Africa and Southwest Asia

13. Trade at the crossroads of three continents, trade has always been important here Chp.17

14. Alluvial soils deposits left by floods, allow for the same land to be farmed year after year without wearing out.

15. delta regions triangle shaped formations at the mouths of rivers such as the Nile

16. Aswan High Dam extended the growing season, more than one crop per year, extended irrigation, (by 3 million acres), produces 50% of Egypt = s electrical power, but (on the negative side) reduced the deposits of alluvial soil. prevents floods from washing away salt from the soil, more diseases caused by parasites.

17. Wadis river beds that are dry most of the year.

18. oasis place in the desert where water comes to the surface and allows a town to exist.

19. Arabic language the language of the Quran (Koran), it spread when Islam spread Chp. 18

20. Arab countries Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Oman, etc.

21. Non-Arab countries Turkey, Iran, Israel, Cyprus

22. Hagia Sophia built as a Christian church, now a Mosque in Istanbul

23. population distribution not even, both urban areas and uninhabited areas--people live near water.

24. population pyramid a large percentage are under 15

25. Urbanization rapid, in the cities life is modern, (although it has been hard for the governments to keep up with the services needed,) but out in the countryside. many live without electricity or running water

26. Judaism born in Israel, followers are called Jews. They are Monotheist-- believe in one God. Chp. 18 sec. 2

27. Christianity born in Israel, grew out of Judaism

28. Islam born in Saudi Arabia, followers of Mohammad. Their holy book is the Quran (Koran).

29. Kaaba cube shaped temple in Mecca (Muslim)

30. Palestine the Jews don’t want to give it up, some Arabs call themselves Palestinians and want to drive the Jews into the sea

31. Art reflects a diversity of religion--stained glass, geometric tiles, calligraphy, mosaics, prayer rugs Chp. 18 sec. 3

32. Nomads desert wanderers

33. Pyramids burial places for the mummies in Egypt

34. Bazaars outdoor markets

35. Suqs indoor market places

36. oil rigs off the coast and dotting the countryside Chp. 19 sec. 1

37. OPEC formed in 1960, the Organization Petroleum Exporting Countries--Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, etc. are members

40. Per Capita Income like the standard of living, it varies widely, some (the owners of the oil) are very rich, others (nomadic herders) are not

41. guest workers a lot of oil workers are from the U.S. Workers from non-oil rich Arab countries

42. Positive effect of oil revenue education is free, hospitals and medical care are mainly free, some of the money has been used to start industries such as steel making, oil refining, textile production, diamond-cutting, petrochemical plants, etc. jobs have been created, the standard of living is improving.

43. negative effects of oil revenue many countries depend on only one economic activity uneven income distribution Kuwait City

44. Water Libya is pumping water from beneath the Sahara to the coast, other oil rich nations can afford to take the salt out of sea water (desalination)--in other words water is a scarce and precious commodity in this area. Chp. 19 sec. 2

45. Tourism important in places like Egypt, but hurt by regional conflicts and political unrest

46. Suez Canal built by a French company in the middle of the 1800s, it is still economically and strategically critical

47. contemporary trade routes the sea lanes, from the Persian gulf through the straits of Hormuz, and through the Suez canal.

48. Dome of the Rock sacred temple for Muslims, in Jerusalem Cultural Landscape

49. Western Wall a wall once used to support the A temple mount @, a holy spot for Jews but, in land they have only occupied since 1967.

50. Church of the Holy Sepulcher Christian church many believe to be built on the spot where Christ was buried and resurrected.

51. Hagia Sophia - Santa Sophia