1. Islamic Civilization By Kim Jones October 12, 2007

2. Introduction  Originates in Arabia  Founder is Muhammad  Large empires built  Faith spreads: 1. conquest 1. conquest 2. trade 2. trade  Cultural advancements

3. Geography Bedouins – desert nomads Bedouins – desert nomads Merchant caravans Merchant caravans Trade routes develop - Makkah Trade routes develop - Makkah

4. Muhammad’s Teachings Allah – “Surrendering to the will of God” Allah – “Surrendering to the will of God” All people are equal All people are equal Rich should share with the poor Rich should share with the poor Lead a good life = reward Lead a good life = reward Evildoers punished Evildoers punished Quran = holy book of Islam Quran = holy book of Islam

5. Opposition to Islam Wealthy merchants & religious leaders Wealthy merchants & religious leaders Take away power Take away power Beat and tortured followers Beat and tortured followers Hijrah – move to Yathrib (Madinah) Hijrah – move to Yathrib (Madinah)

6. Government Islamic state – political power to uphold Islam Islamic state – political power to uphold Islam Muhammad built an army in Madinah Muhammad built an army in Madinah A.D. 630 Makkah signs treaty & becomes Islam’s holy city A.D. 630 Makkah signs treaty & becomes Islam’s holy city Law code based on Quran & Sunna Law code based on Quran & Sunna

7. The 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Confession of faith 2. Prayer five times a day 3. Alms – giving to the poor (charity) 4. Ramadan – ritual fasting 5. Pilgrimage to Makkah

8. Growing Empires First caliph – Abu Bakr spread to all Arabia First caliph – Abu Bakr spread to all Arabia Second caliph – Umar spread to Syria, Egypt, and Persia Second caliph – Umar spread to Syria, Egypt, and Persia Third caliph – Uthman spread into Afghanistan and eastern Mediterranean Third caliph – Uthman spread into Afghanistan and eastern Mediterranean By A.D. 750 Islam spread throughout North Africa and into modern day Spain By A.D. 750 Islam spread throughout North Africa and into modern day Spain Ottoman Empire (Turks) – Suleiman I Ottoman Empire (Turks) – Suleiman I Moguls (India) - Akbar Moguls (India) - Akbar

9. Islam Splits Sunnis – the teachings of Muhammad Sunnis – the teachings of Muhammad Shiites – must be related to Muhammad Shiites – must be related to Muhammad Ummayads – First dynasty where rulers followed teachings of Muhammad. Supported by Sunnis Ummayads – First dynasty where rulers followed teachings of Muhammad. Supported by Sunnis Abassids – Dynasty after Ummayads Abassids – Dynasty after Ummayads

10. Life in Arabia Sunna = customs based on Muhammad’s words and deeds Sunna = customs based on Muhammad’s words and deeds Most Muslims – villages Most Muslims – villages Traders’ success – Arabic language & coins Traders’ success – Arabic language & coins Cities – centers of government, learning, & arts Cities – centers of government, learning, & arts Mosques – worship, schools, courts Mosques – worship, schools, courts

11. Social Structure Top: Government officials, landowners, merchants/traders Top: Government officials, landowners, merchants/traders Artisans, farmers, workers Artisans, farmers, workers Bottom: Enslaved people – not Muslims Bottom: Enslaved people – not Muslims Men’s roles – government, society, business Men’s roles – government, society, business Women’s roles – run families, inherit wealth, own property Women’s roles – run families, inherit wealth, own property

12. Ahievements Scholars preserved learning Scholars preserved learning Algebra & Arabic numerals 0-9 Algebra & Arabic numerals 0-9 Perfected Greek astrolabe to measure Earth Perfected Greek astrolabe to measure Earth Founders of chemistry Founders of chemistry Al-Razi – chemist, developed system of categorizing, wrote books on identifying diseases. Al-Razi – chemist, developed system of categorizing, wrote books on identifying diseases. Ibn Sina – blood circulates, diseases spread Ibn Sina – blood circulates, diseases spread

13. Art & Architecture Omar Khayyam – poet, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher. Rubaiyat Omar Khayyam – poet, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher. Rubaiyat The Thousand and One Nights The Thousand and One Nights Art based on Islam – flowers, leaves, stars Art based on Islam – flowers, leaves, stars Mosques & palaces Mosques & palaces

14. Quiz What is the first pillar of Islam? What is the first pillar of Islam? A. Profession of faith that Allah is the one and only God and that Mohammad is his prophet. A. Profession of faith that Allah is the one and only God and that Mohammad is his prophet. A. Profession of faith that Allah is the one and only God and that Mohammad is his prophet. A. Profession of faith that Allah is the one and only God and that Mohammad is his prophet. B. The mosque is the only place to worship. B. The mosque is the only place to worship. B. The mosque is the only place to worship. B. The mosque is the only place to worship. C. You must read the Quran every day. C. You must read the Quran every day. C. You must read the Quran every day. C. You must read the Quran every day.

15. You’re Correct! The first pillar of Islam was the Profession of faith that Allah was the one and only God and that Muhammad was his prophet.

16. Try Again!

17. Works Cited