1. China and the Far East
Prior to 1800s: Chinese government strictly controlled trade
Wanted a favorable balance of trade:
High exports (tea, porcelain, silk)
Low imports (gold, silver)

2. The Opium War
Britain was trading opium grown in India for tea grown in China
Led to ADDICTS
China lost:
Forced to pay
Forced to open 5 ports
Forced to give Hong Kong to Brits
UNEQUAL TREATY

3. Taiping Rebellion
Problems in China: poverty, famine, corruption, etc.
Peasant revolt lasted 14 years
20-30 million peasants were killed
Hurt the Qing Empire

4. Sino-Japanese War
Japan industrialized; put pressure on China to trade
China lost decidedly
Japan won Taiwan & coastal influence

5. Spheres of Influence

6. Qing Dynasty Boxer Uprising 1899-1900
Three Principles of the People: nationalism, democracy & livelihood
Birth of a republic in 1911

7. Japan and Imperialism
Japan had closed off to the outside world for over 200 years (except the Dutch in Nagasaki Bay)
1853: Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay with a letter from the U.S. President

8. American Impact
Demanded Japan open up to diplomatic & commercial exchange (trade)
Treaty of Kanagawa (1854): America was the “most favored nation” clause
Japanese were extremely unhappy

9. Meiji Restoration
Samurai led revolt to overthrow Japanese government – “restored” emperor
Known as the Meiji Restoration ( )
“Enlightened ruler”
New motto: “a rich country, a strong military”
Goal was to learn western ways & beat them at their own game

10. Meiji Reforms Strong central government with one legislature (Diet)
New constitution with equality
Reformed the military (all men served, not just samurai)
Industrialization – zaibatsu
Population boom
Urbanization
Nationalism grew
Women largely ignored still
Homogeneous society

11. Growing Military
As industry grew, imperialism grew (just like Europeans)
Sino-Japanese War (1894) – Taiwan
Russo-Japanese War (1904) – Manchuria & Korea
Ruled Korea for 35 yrs – through end of WWII

12. Scramble of Southeast Asia
Europeans wanted:
Raw materials
New markets
Christian converts
Dutch, British & French colonizers
Divide & conquer method

13. Southeast Asia Between China & India: influenced by both
Dutch East India Company took the Spice Islands in the 1600s & the rest of Indonesia
Britain took Burma (Myanmar) in the 1800s
Brits then took Singapore
French built their empire in SE Asian mainland (Vietnam, Laos, & Cambodia)
By 1890s, Europe controlled SE Asia

14. The Pacific Islands
Oceania Islands: Melanesia, Micronesia, & Polynesia
Interested in raw materials (whaling & fisheries) and converts
Samoa: US, British & Germany controlled
Hawaii: annexed by US 1898
The Philippines: first ruled by Spain, then by the US