1. NARSTO PM Assessment NARSTO PM Assessment Chapter 5: Spatial and Temporal Pattern TOC Introduction Data Global Pattern NAM Dust NAM Smoke NAM Haze NAM Total PM Local PM Speciated Seasonal over the Central EUS TOCIntroductionDataGlobal PatternNAM DustNAM SmokeNAM Total PM The seasonal aerosol aerosol pattern at the IMPROVE sites is examined using two methodologies: – Seasonal Mass Balance Charts – Seasonal Percentile Frequency Charts

2. Method 1: Cumulative Seasonal PM2.5 Composition PM2.5 chemical components were calculated based on the CIRA methodologyCIRA methodology In addition, the the organics were (tentatively) further separated as Primary Smoke Organics (red) and Remainder organics (purple) PSO = 20*(K - 0.15*Si – 0.02* Na) Remainder Org = Organics - PSO Also, the ‘Unknown’ mass (white area) is the difference between the gravimetrically measured and the chemically reconstructed PM2.5. The daily chemical composition was aggregated over the available IMPROVE data range (1988-99) to retain the seasonal structure. I order to reduce the noise the daily data were smoothed by a 15-day moving average filter. Shenandoah

3. Method 2: Seasonal Percentiles, 1992-99 At Lye Brook, VT, the clean days (20 percentile) corresponds to ~4 ug/m3 throughout the year The dirty days are (80-90%-ile) have 2-5 times higher concentration than the clean days. Great Smoky Mtn. Lye Brook Clean days (20%) ‘Clean’ days (20%) Dirty days, 80-90% At the Smoky Mtn, the clean days in the winter are also ~4 ug/m3. However in the summer, even the ‘clean’ days have 14 ug/m3 PM2.5. The dirty days are have 2-3 times higher than the clean days through out the year. The charts depict the magnitude of seasonal and synoptic variation The synoptic-scale variation (day-to-day) can be measured by the 20-80 percentile spread

4. Regional Grouping of Sites For this presentation the IMPROVE sites were grouped as follows: –New England () –Mid-Atlantic () –Central EUS () –Peripheral () For each region, the seasonality is displayed for: –Chemical Mass Balance –Carbonaceous Mass Balance –Fine Particle Mass Percentiles –Coarse Mass Percentiles –Sulfate Percentiles –Fine Soil Percentiles –Tot. Carbon. + 'Unknown' Percentiles –Smoke Organics Percentiles

5. South WUS: Chemical Mass Balance Tonto Bandelier Petrified F. Saguaro NM Chiricahua

6. Southwest : Chemical Mass Balance Bryce Canyon Mesa Verde Hopi Point Weminuche W G Sand Dunes Canyonlands White River

7. Idaho: Chemical Mass Balance Sawtooth Crater Moon Salmon Scoville Three Sisters

8. Brooklyn L Bridger, WY Nevada-Wyoming: Chemical Mass Balance Jarbidge Yellowstone Lone Peak Great Basin Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mt

9. Washington-Oregon: Chemical Mass Balance Columbia RG Crater Lake Columbia G. Glacier NP Sula MT

10. San Joaquin Valley: Chemical Mass Balance Lassen VolcanDeath Valley Pinnacles Bliss StatePark Yosemite

11. Mntn and Valleys: Chemical Mass Balance San GorgonioDeath Valley Sequoia South Tahoe Snoqualamie

12. WUS Coastal Sites: Chemical Mass Balance Mauna LoaPuget Sound Point Reyes Haleakala Redwood Denali

13. Big Bend and Guadal: Chemical Mass Balance Guadalupe Big Bend

14. South WUS: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Tonto Bandelier Petrified F. Saguaro NM Chiricahua

15. Southwest : Carbonaceous Mass Balance Bryce Canyon Mesa Verde Hopi Point Weminuche W G Sand Dunes Canyonlands White River

16. Idaho: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Sawtooth Crater Moon Salmon Scoville Three Sisters

17. Bridger, WY Nevada-Wyoming: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Jarbidge Yellowstone Lone Peak Great Basin Mt. ZirkelRocky Mt

18. Washington-Oregon: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Columbia RG Crater Lake Columbia G. Glacier NP Sula MT

19. San Joaquin Valley: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Lassen VolcanDeath Valley Pinnacles Bliss StatePark Yosemite

20. Mntn and Valleys: Carbonaceous Mass Balance San GorgonioDeath Valley Sequoia South Tahoe Snoqualamie

21. WUS Coastal Sites: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Mauna LoaPuget Sound Point Reyes Haleakala Redwood Denali

22. Big Bend and Guadal: Carbonaceous Mass Balance Guadalupe Big Bend

23. South WUS: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Tonto Bandelier Petrified F. Saguaro NM Chiricahua

24. Southwest : Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Bryce Canyon Mesa Verde Hopi Point Weminuche W G Sand Dunes Canyonlands White River

25. Idaho: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Sawtooth Crater Moon Salmon Scoville Three Sisters

26. Bridger, WY Nevada-Wyoming: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Jarbidge Yellowstone Lone Peak Brooklyn L Great Basin Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mt

27. Washington-Oregon: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Columbia RG Crater Lake Columbia G. Glacier NP Sula MT

28. San Joaquin Valley: Particle Mass Percentiles Lassen VolcanDeath Valley Pinnacles Bliss StatePark Yosemite

29. Mntn and Valleys: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles San GorgonioDeath Valley Sequoia South Tahoe Snoqualamie

30. WUS Coastal Sites: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Mauna LoaPuget Sound Point Reyes Haleakala Redwood Denali

31. Big Bend and Guadal: Fine Particle Mass Percentiles Guadalupe Big Bend

32. South WUS: Coarse Mass Percentiles Tonto Bandelier Petrified F. Saguaro NM Chiricahua

33. Southwest : Coarse Mass Percentiles Bryce Canyon Mesa Verde Hopi Point Weminuche W G Sand Dunes Canyonlands White River

34. Idaho: Coarse Mass Percentiles Sawtooth Crater Moon Salmon Scoville Three Sisters

35. Nevada-Wyoming: Coarse Mass Percentiles Jarbidge Yellowstone Lone Peak Bridger, WYGreat Basin Mt. ZirkelRocky Mt

36. Washington-Oregon: Coarse Mass Percentiles Columbia RG Crater Lake Columbia G. Glacier NP Sula MT

37. San Joaquin Valley: Coarse Mass Percentiles Lassen VolcanDeath Valley Pinnacles Bliss StatePark Yosemite

38. Mountain Passes and Valle: Coarse Mass Percentiles San GorgonioDeath Valley Sequoia South Tahoe Snoqualamie

39. Western US Coastal Sites: Coarse Mass Percentiles Mauna LoaPuget Sound Point Reyes Haleakala Redwood Denali

40. Big Bend and Guadalupe: Coarse Mass Percentiles Guadalupe Big Bend

41. South WUS: Sulfate Percentiles Tonto Bandelier Petrified F. Saguaro NM Chiricahua

42. Southwest : Sulfate Percentiles Bryce Canyon Mesa Verde Hopi Point Weminuche W G Sand Dunes Canyonlands White River

43. Idaho: Sulfate Percentiles Sawtooth Crater Moon Salmon Scoville Three Sisters

44. Bridger, WY Nevada-Wyoming: Sulfate Percentiles Jarbidge Yellowstone Lone Peak Brooklyn L Great Basin Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mt

45. Washington-Oregon: Sulfate Percentiles Columbia RG Crater Lake Columbia G. Glacier NP Sula MT

46. San Joaquin Valley: Sulfate Percentiles Lassen VolcanDeath Valley Pinnacles Bliss StatePark Yosemite

47. Mountain Passes and Valleys: Sulfate Percentiles San GorgonioDeath Valley Sequoia South Tahoe Snoqualamie

48. Western US Coastal Sites: Sulfate Percentiles Mauna LoaPuget Sound Point Reyes Haleakala Redwood Denali

49. Big Bend and Guadalupe: Sulfate Percentiles Guadalupe Big Bend

50. South WUS: Fine Soil Percentiles Fine dust Tonto Bandelier Petrified F. Saguaro NM Chiricahua

51. Southwest : Fine Soil Percentiles Fine dust Bryce Canyon Mesa Verde Hopi Point Weminuche W G Sand Dunes Canyonlands White River

52. Idaho: Fine Soil Percentiles Fine dust Sawtooth Crater Moon Salmon Scoville Three Sisters

53. Nevada-Wyoming: Fine Soil Percentiles Fine dust Jarbidge Sawtooth Yellowstone Lone PeakBridger, WY Brooklyn L Great Basin Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mt

54. Washington-Oregon: Fine Soil Percentiles Fine dust Columbia RG Crater Lake Columbia G. Glacier NP Sula MT

55. San Joaquin Valley: Fine Soil Percentiles Fine dust Lassen VolcanDeath Valley Pinnacles Bliss StatePark Yosemite

56. Mountain Passes and Valleys: Fine Soil Percentiles Fine dust San GorgonioDeath Valley Sequoia South Tahoe Snoqualamie

57. Western US Coastal Sites: Fine Soil Percentiles Fine dust Mauna LoaPuget Sound Point Reyes Haleakala Redwood Denali

58. Big Bend and Guadalupe: Fine Soil Percentiles Fine dust Guadalupe Big Bend

59. South WUS: Tot. Carbon + 'Unknown' Percentiles Tonto Bandelier Petrified F. Saguaro NM Chiricahua

60. Southwest : Tot. Carbon + 'Unknown' Percentiles Bryce Canyon Mesa Verde Hopi Point Weminuche W G Sand Dunes Canyonlands White River

61. Idaho: Tot. Carbon + 'Unknown' Percentiles Sawtooth Crater Moon Salmon Scoville Three Sisters

62. Bridger, WY Nevada-WY: Tot. Carbon + 'Unknown' Percentiles Jarbidge Yellowstone Lone Peak Rocky Mt Great Basin Mt. Zirkel

63. Washington-OR: Tot. Carbon + 'Unknown' Percentiles Columbia RG Crater Lake Columbia G. Glacier NP Sula MT

64. San Joaquin V: Tot. Carbon + 'Unknown' Percentiles Lassen VolcanDeath Valley Pinnacles Bliss StatePark Yosemite

65. Mntn and Val: Tot. Carbon + 'Unknown' Percentiles San GorgonioDeath Valley Sequoia South Tahoe Snoqualamie

66. WUS Coastal : Tot. Carbon + 'Unknown' Percentiles Mauna LoaPuget Sound Point Reyes Haleakala Redwood Denali

67. BigB and Gu: Tot. Carbon + 'Unknown' Percentiles Guadalupe Big Bend

68. South WUS: Smoke Organics Percentiles Tonto Bandelier Petrified F. Saguaro NM Chiricahua

69. Southwest : Smoke Organics Percentiles Bryce Canyon Mesa Verde Hopi Point Weminuche W G Sand Dunes Canyonlands White River

70. Idaho: Smoke Organics Percentiles Sawtooth Crater Moon Salmon Scoville Three Sisters

71. Bridger, WY Nevada-Wyoming: Smoke Organics Percentiles Jarbidge Yellowstone Lone Peak Brooklyn L Great Basin Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mt

72. Washington-Oregon: Smoke Organics Percentiles Columbia RG Crater Lake Columbia G. Glacier NP Sula MT

73. San Joaquin Valley: Smoke Organics Percentiles Lassen VolcanDeath Valley Pinnacles Bliss StatePark Yosemite

74. Mntn and Valleys: Smoke Organics Percentiles San GorgonioDeath Valley Sequoia South Tahoe Snoqualamie

75. WUS Coastal Sites: Smoke Organics Percentiles Mauna LoaPuget Sound Point Reyes Haleakala Redwood Denali

76. Big Bend and Guadalu: Smoke Organics Percentiles Guadalupe Big Bend