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Trends in the Wet and Dry Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur Species

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Presentation on theme: "Trends in the Wet and Dry Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur Species"— Presentation transcript:

1 Trends in the Wet and Dry Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur Species
Christopher Lehmann

2 Atmospheric Deposition
REMOVAL ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT & TRANSFORMATION REACTIONS DRY DEPOSITION AEROSOL PARTICLES & GASES Deposition velocity Precipitation volume/time WET DEPOSITION PRECIPITATION EMISSIONS ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

3 Atmospheric Emissions
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments 9.1 Tg reduction ( ) 2010 8.1 Tg Source: U.S. EPA

4 Atmospheric Emissions
1990 Clean Air Act Amendments power plant and mobile source emissions reduced Source: U.S. EPA

5 Atmospheric Emissions
Ammonia Increases? …or not? Source: U.S. EPA

6 National Trends Network (NTN)
Source: NADP

7 Sulfate Ion Concentrations
1985 1986 1984 Source: NADP

8 Sulfate Ion Concentrations
2004 2005 2003 Source: NADP

9 Seasonal Kendall Trend Test, α = 90% Sen’s Median Estimator of Trend
Sulfate Trend in Precipitation INCREASING Trend DECREASING Number of Sites Number Significant 5 154 141 Seasonal Kendall Trend Test, α = 90% Sen’s Median Estimator of Trend

10 Emissions Concentration
Sulfate Trend in Precipitation INCREASING Trend DECREASING Number of Sites Number Significant 5 154 141 Trends Emissions Concentration -45% %

11 Nitrate Ion Concentrations
1985 1986 1984 Source: NADP

12 Nitrate Ion Concentrations
2004 2005 2003 Source: NADP

13 Seasonal Kendall Trend Test, α = 90% Sen’s Median Estimator of Trend
Nitrate Trend in Precipitation INCREASING Trend DECREASING Number of Sites Number Significant 71 36 88 45 Seasonal Kendall Trend Test, α = 90% Sen’s Median Estimator of Trend

14 Emissions Concentration
Nitrate Trend in Precipitation INCREASING Trend DECREASING Number of Sites Number Significant 71 36 88 45 Trends Emissions Concentration -17% -3%

15 Ammonium Ion Concentrations
1985 1986 1984 Source: NADP

16 Ammonium Ion Concentrations
2004 2005 2003 Source: NADP

17 Seasonal Kendall Trend Test, α = 90% Sen’s Median Estimator of Trend
Ammonium Trend in Precipitation INCREASING Trend DECREASING Number of Sites Number Significant 142 101 17 3 Seasonal Kendall Trend Test, α = 90% Sen’s Median Estimator of Trend

18 Emissions Concentration
Ammonium Trend in Precipitation INCREASING Trend DECREASING Number of Sites Number Significant 142 101 17 3 Trends Emissions Concentration +24% %

19 Atmospheric Deposition
REMOVAL ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT & TRANSFORMATION REACTIONS DRY DEPOSITION AEROSOL PARTICLES & GASES Deposition velocity Precipitation volume/time WET DEPOSITION PRECIPITATION EMISSIONS ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

20 Clean Air Status & Trends Network (CASTNET)
Weekly 3-stage filter pack samples Teflon filter: particulate sulfate and nitrate Nylon filter: nitric acid, sulfur dioxide Impregnated cellulose: sulfur dioxide CASTNET Filter Pack Images provided by Clean Air Status and Trends Network (U.S. EPA)

21 CASTNET Source:

22 Great Basin National Park
NTN NV05 Great Basin National Park CASTNET CTH110 Connecticut Hill, NY

23 Precipitation Sulfate
 Concentrations, (NADP) Particulate Sulfate Concentrations,  (CASTNET)

24 Particulate Sulfate Concentration Trend Precipitation Sulfate
CASTNET NADP/NTN

25 Precipitation Nitrate
 Concentrations, (NADP) Particulate Nitrate Concentrations,  (CASTNET) ???

26 Precipitation Ammonium
??? Precipitation Ammonium  Concentrations, (NADP) Particulate Ammonium Concentrations,  (CASTNET) ???

27 Precipitation Ammonium
Particulate Ammonium Concentration Trend Precipitation Ammonium Concentration Trend CASTNET NADP/NTN

28 CMU-model Ammonia-N Emissions
2002 (includes soil emissions)

29 ??? ??? Ammonia Emissions vs. Ammonium Trends
Emissions Differences ??? Ammonia Emissions vs. Ammonium Trends ??? 1985 – 2004 Ammonium Trend Why do trends in ammonia emissions and ammonium deposition differ?

30 Sulfate, Ammonium & Nitrate Reactions
Transport Distance Ammonium Sulfate NH4+ + NH4+ + HSO4- ⇌ NH4+ SO4= Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998

31 Sulfate, Ammonium & Nitrate Reactions
Transport Distance Ammonium Sulfate NH4+ + NH4+ + HSO4- ⇌ NH4+ SO4= Ammonium Nitrate NH3,g + HNO3,g ⇌ NH4 NO3 Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998

32 Sulfate, Ammonium & Nitrate Reactions
Transport Distance Ammonium Sulfate NH4+ + NH4+ + HSO4- ⇌ NH4+ SO4= Ammonium Nitrate NH3,g + HNO3,g ⇌ NH4 NO3 Ammonia Gas NH3,g Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998

33 Ammonium vs. Sulfate Trends Bondville, IL
Particulate Concentrations Precipitation Concentrations

34 Ammonia vs. Ammonium Concentrations Bondville, IL
LOESS of Raw Data 180-day window

35 Ammonia Gas vs. Precipitation Ammonium Bondville, IL

36 Conclusion There is a need for a network of ammonia gas monitoring sites in the U.S. (nitric acid too….) Compare with precipitation ammonium measurements from the NADP/NTN, particulate ammonium from CASTNET Validate ammonia emissions inventories Improves evaluation of nitrogen dry deposition with measurements not currently included in existing networks.

37 How to Monitor Ammonia Gas
Source:

38 Source: Minutes, NADP Joint Subcommittee, Fall 2005 (attachments)

39

40 Acknowledgements S. Larson, V. Bowersox, T. Bond, D. Wuebbles
Colleagues at: National Atmospheric Deposition Program Illinois State Water Survey The NADP receives support from the U.S. Geological Survey; Environmental Protection Agency; National Park Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; Bureau of Land Management; Tennessee Valley Authority; and U.S. Department of Agriculture - Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service via cooperative agreement. Additional support is provided by other federal, state, local, and tribal agencies, State Agricultural Experiment Stations, universities, and nongovernmental organizations. Any findings or conclusions in this presentatoin do not reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or other NADP sponsors.

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