1. The Transformation of the West

2. West vs. South: 1877-1900 West –Linked to Industrial Future –Home to booming towns –Producing food and raw materials for industry by increasingly industrialized means South –Only industrializing a little –Still cotton dependent

3. Jackson Frederick Turner Frontier Thesis –Frontier conditions create and reinforce democracy –What happens when frontier closes in 1890?

4. Transcontinental Railroad Two Lines Become One: Union Pacific and Central Pacific July 1862-May 10, 1869 Government Funding is key –131 million acres - Feds –49 million acres from States

5. Transcontinental Railroad Route

6. At The Golden Spike

7. Rail Growth 1860: 30,000 miles of rail exist 1864: Northern Pacific Commissioned 1910: 240,000 miles of track National Market

8. Northern Pacific Line

9. Native Americans Great Basin Tribes--Shoshone, Paiutes –Stone Age Technology –Hunter/Gatherers –Family Organization Plains Indians –American Technology, Native Lifestyle –Skilled Warriors and Buffalo Hunters –Tribal Organization

10. Relations Reservations and Indian Territory Tensions due to settlers Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) Dakota War: 1862 Sand Creek Massacre: 1864

11. Indian Wars (1864-1892) Plains War (1864-7) Second Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) Little Big Horn: 1876 Nez Pierce Destruction of the Buffalo Ghost Dance: 1890-2

12. Indian Reform Assimilation Dawes Severality Act of 1887 Education

13. The Mining Frontier Colorado, 1859 and the Comstock Lode Deadwood (1874) Transitory Settlements Hope of Wealth Few Women Ethnically Diverse

14. Placerville, California, 1850

15. Deadwood, Dakota Territory, 1877 (Wall Street)

16. Violence Racism Poor Law Enforcement Violence Vigilante Justice

17. Prospector to Prospectus Precious Metals: Gold and Silver Practical Mining: Iron, Coal, Quartz, Copper Private to Corporate –Hydraulic Mining –Wage Labor –Pollution –Unions and Union Busting –1893: Western Federation of Miners

18. River Mining

19. Gold Dredging Damage

20. The Cattlemen: Glory Days The Chisholm Trail Cattle Drives Cowboys Cattle Towns

21. Hispanic-styled Ranch House

22. Industrialization of Cattle Northern Cattle Industrialization Sheep Specialized Farming Cherokee Strip

23. Settling the West: The Landscape Great Plains Great Basin Buffalo

24. Prairie in Washington State

25. Land Grants Homestead Act of 1862 Timber Culture Act of 1873 Desert Land Act of 1877 Speculators

26. Water Policy Prior Appropriation Doctrine Carey Act of 1894 Newlands Act of 1902

27. Going West 1840: 175,000 west of Mississippi 1880: 10 million (20% of US pop) Exodus Movement

29. Western Hispanics New Mexico, California, Texas Rights? Loss of Land Wage Labor Agriculture and Food Influence

30. Home on the Range Frontier Women Isolation –The Grange Churches