1. IXITLAN Geography

2. IXITLAN Map Activity IXITLAN Map Activity  Rivers/Lakes: Amazon R, Columbia R, Mississippi R, Mackenzie R, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario  Mountains: Andes, Rockies, Appalachians  Deserts: Great Basin, Mojave, Sonoran, Atacama  Others: Bighorn Medicine Wheel, Tenochtitlan, Serpent Mound, Tikal, Angel Falls, Chaco Canyon, Monument Valley, Bear Butte, Niagara Falls

5. Columbia river http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8emFdLNOTk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8emFdLNOTk

6. Pacific Northwest Potlatch  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iM8rHp rFz8Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iM8rHp rFz8Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iM8rHp rFz8Y  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- 0xxTURFxYU&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- 0xxTURFxYU&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- 0xxTURFxYU&feature=related

7. Surfing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohz4kpB4fbE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohz4kpB4fbE

8. Waterfall http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UJCrb9mVeU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UJCrb9mVeU

10. ANDES  Massive mountain system extends from the tip of South America all the way to Panama.  Source of most major rivers on the continent and is 4,500 miles (7,240 km) in length.  Home to some of the planet's largest volcanoes, and in the far south along the coast of Chile, large ice sheets are commonplace. The Andes highest point being Aconcagua in Argentina, at 22,384 ft. (6,960m).

11. Aconcagua

12. GUIANA HIGHLANDS  Stunning part of Planet Earth, over 1,000 miles in length, the Highlands stretch from southern Venezuela across the northern edge of South America to the tip of Brazil.  Vast plateau, one marked by deep gorges, tropical rain forests, numerous rivers and waterfalls  Famed for the highest waterfall in the world (Angel Falls) at 3,212 ft (979m) high.  Famed for the highest waterfall in the world (Angel Falls) at 3,212 ft (979m) high.

13. Angel Falls http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBsfqlv3S3g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBsfqlv3S3g

15. The Amazon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3bPaUQjwG4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3bPaUQjwG4 the largest tropical rain forest in the world, and running through its heart is the Amazon River, and its more than 1,000 tributaries, seven of them more than 1,000 miles in length. Rising high in the Andes, the river's network irrigates almost half of the continent, and in terms of volume of water discharged into an ocean... it's the largest in the world. Rising high in the Andes, the river's network irrigates almost half of the continent, and in terms of volume of water discharged into an ocean... it's the largest in the world.

16. Amazon River

17. Atacama Desert

19. Rocky Mountains http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_v0u9HHkEU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_v0u9HHkEU

20. Kayak http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkDr00qdK3Y plane http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pu65c0G2ZU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkDr00qdK3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pu65c0G2ZUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkDr00qdK3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pu65c0G2ZU

21. Honu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6F1Epw4rOK8 lightening http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1dJ0_daaTk panoramic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOtNGFDM-c8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6F1Epw4rOK8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1dJ0_daaTkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOtNGFDM-c8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6F1Epw4rOK8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1dJ0_daaTkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOtNGFDM-c8

22. Bear Butte Bear Butte  Is a important landmark and religious site for the Plains Indians tribes  Bear Butte is called Mato Paha, or Bear Mountain, by the Lakota  To the Cheyenne, it is Noahvose, the place where Maheo (God) imparted to Sweet Medicine the knowledge from which the Cheyenne derive their religious, political, social, and economic customs.  The mountain is sacred to many indigenous peoples, who make pilgrimages to leave prayer cloths and bundles tied to the branches of the trees along the mountain’s flanks. Other offerings are often left at the top of the mountain. The site is associated with various religious ceremonies throughout the year. The mountain is a place of prayer, meditation, and peace.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= jiZ920sncZI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= jiZ920sncZI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= jiZ920sncZI

23. Sundance  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQrW- 3BZtyQ&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQrW- 3BZtyQ&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQrW- 3BZtyQ&feature=related

24. Medicine Wheel

25. Medicine Wheel Sites

26. Bighorn Medicine Wheel

27.  Members of the Crow tribe, who have long used the Medicine Wheel for rituals, ascribe its creation to a boy named Burnt Face. According to the story, the boy fell into the fire as a baby and was severely scarred.  When Burnt Face reached his teen years, he went on a vision quest in the mountains, where he fasted and built the medicine wheel. During his quest, he helped drive away an animal who attacked baby eaglets. In return, he was carried off by an eagle and his face was made smooth.

28.  For centuries, the Bighorn Medicine Wheel has been used by Crow youth for fasting and vision quests.  Native Americans also go to Bighorn to offer thanks for the creation that sustains them, placing a buffalo skull on the center cairn as a prayer offering.  Prayers are offering here for healing, and atonement is made for harm done to others and to Mother Earth.

30. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDRIpPYo0Ro

31.  Chaco Canyon, located in Northwestern New Mexico, is the center of a network of roads built by the Anasazi.  These have been referred to by some as spirit lines, because of their astonishing engineering.  The roads stretch from one community to the next in absolutely straight lines, not deviating according to the contours of the land.

33. Monument Valley http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdUTS-UMCF8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdUTS-UMCF8

34.  Dineh Mythology  Changing Woman, Child Born of Water & Monster Slayer  Beauty Way

35.  White in the east represents White- Shell Woman;  Blue in the south represents Turquoise Woman;  Yellow to the west represents Abalone Woman;  and Black to the north represents Jet Black Woman.

37.  Mount Blanca (Tsisnaasjini' - Dawn or White Shell Mountain) Sacred Mountain of the East near Alamosa in San Luis Valley, Colorado

38.  Mount Taylor (Tsoodzil - Blue Bead or Turquoise Mountain) Sacred Mountain of the South north of Laguna, New Mexico

39.  San Francisco Peaks (Doko'oosliid - Abalone Shell Mountain) Sacred Mountain of the West near Flagstaff, Arizona

40.  Mount Hesperus Dibé Nitsaa (Big Mountain Sheep) - Obsidian Mountain Sacred Mountain of the North La Plata Mountains, Colorado

41. Serpent Mound

43. Serpent Mound is the largest and finest serpent mound in the United States. Nearly a quarter of a mile long, Serpent Mound represents an uncoiling serpent. The head of the serpent is aligned to the summer solstice sunset and the coils also point to the winter solstice sunrise and the equinox sunrise.  The Serpent mound is the largest effigy mound in the world.  The Cherokee relate the legend of the Uktena, a large serpent with supernatural appearance and power

44. Theory  The carbon dating attribution of 1070 coincides with two significant astronomic events: The appearance of Halley's Comet in 1066 and the light from the supernova that created Crab Nebula in 1054.

45.  The Serpent mound is the largest effigy mound in the world.  The Cherokee relate the legend of the Uktena, a large serpent with supernatural appearance and power.

46. Niagara http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKm8Rb7-5Jc Niagara http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKm8Rb7-5Jc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKm8Rb7-5Jc  The Niagara Falls, or Nee-ah- gah-rah (Thundering Waters) are the most sacred waters of the Iroquois people, and a focus of many of their legends and myths.  For centuries, the Iroquois believed that the sound of the waterfall was the voice of the mighty spirit of the waters. Until the mid 18th century, they sought the favor of the Water Spirit by sacrificing a maiden to the Falls each year - sending her in a white canoe decorated with fruits and flowers over the brink of the falls. To be sacrificed was the greatest honor, and insured special gifts and happy hunting grounds in the afterlife.  For centuries, the Iroquois believed that the sound of the waterfall was the voice of the mighty spirit of the waters. Until the mid 18th century, they sought the favor of the Water Spirit by sacrificing a maiden to the Falls each year - sending her in a white canoe decorated with fruits and flowers over the brink of the falls. To be sacrificed was the greatest honor, and insured special gifts and happy hunting grounds in the afterlife.

47. Tikal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHgYSh-EIzE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3W_FwbhU84&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHgYSh-EIzE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3W_FwbhU84&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHgYSh-EIzE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3W_FwbhU84&feature=related

49. Tikal Ruins The ruin is part of the Mayan Biosphere Reserve and is the only region of the world that is declared by UNESCO as both Cultural and Natural Patrimony of Humanity. The 10 square mile ruin features 3, 000 temples, shrines, ceremonial platforms, residences, ball courts, terraces, causeways and plazas.

50. Aztec Ruins

52. Tenochtitlan

53. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4AvpgQ3zR0