1. CHAPTER ONE THE ATLANTIC WORLD TO 1600

2. SECTION 1 Early Native settlement:  Migrated from Asia over the land bridge through the Bering Strait  Population spread throughout the continent  Different societies developed  By late 1400s, 8-10 million people, 500 tribes Nomad  People who move regularly in search of food

3. North  Coastal edges of North America  Inuit & Aleut  Skilled at hunting on ice and snow, fishing  Some tribes nomadic Northwest Coast  Northwest Pacific coast  Waterways – fishing (salmon)  Coos, coast Salish, Makah  Abundant resources, larger population

4. California  Present-day state of CA  Chumash, Yurok  Spoke many languages  Lived in small bands  Deep sea fishing, flour from acorns, beans from mesquite plant  A few farmed Plateau  Between Cascade & Rocky Mountains  Chinook & Cayuse  Fishing, root gathering

5. Great Basin  Between Rocky & Sierra Mountains  Dry land, low food resources  Paiute, Ute, Shoshone  Small groups  Hunting & gathering Southwest  Present-day Arizona, New Mexico, southern Colorado  Little rain  Some nomadic, some dry-land farming  Cliff homes – ancient Anasazi  Hopi, Navajo, Zuni

6. Plains  Great Plains  Mandan, Wichita, Pawnee  Farmed  Used pack dogs  Followed buffalo herds Northeast  Seneca, Lenape, Iroquois  Farmed & hunted  Iroquois League (Mohawk, Oneida, Onandaga, Cayuga, Seneca) for protection

7. Southeast  Swamp to sea coast  Hunting and growing corn  Hopewell, Natchez, Creek, Cherokee  Mound builders  Lived in large groups  Cahokia by the year 1200 – 40,000 people Social Structure  Organized through family structure (kinship)  Provided many social services  Kinship groups organized by clans  Groups of families all descended from a common ancestor

8. Religion  Shared belief in the most powerful forces in nature  Ceremonies centered on these forces  Traditions strictly followed Preserving history  Through oral history Trade  Trading common and could extend goods throughout country  Barter system

9. Perspectives on land  Native Americans did not believe in land ownership  People had the right to use the land and could grant others that right, but didn’t own it  Land deserved respect  Europeans had owned land for centuries  Caused a clash of cultures

10. SECTION 2: THE EUROPEAN WORLD Why is this section included in our U.S. History book? How did the Crusades lead to the era of exploration? What country set up a navigation school? Who was the first person to sail around the southern-most tip of Africa? Who was the first to sail from Portugal to India?

11. SECTION 3: THE WORLD OF THE WEST AFRICANS European/West African trade  Europeans traded cloth, metal goods (iron & copper), jewelry  West Africans traded gold Europeans valued land because it was scarce, wealth was measured by how much land you owned Africans valued labor, wealth was measured by how many people you ruled over

12. CONCEPTS OF SLAVERY Africans  Slaves were common and had value as a trade item  Slaves consisted of war captures, orphans, criminals, others rejected by society  Slaves become adopted members of the family, marrying into a lineage  Allowed to move up in society  Not just for manual labor (soldiers, administrators)

13. Europe  Used for hard labor  Slave trade increased starting in the 1500s  Slave raids

14. SECTION 4: THE ATLANTIC WORLD IS BORN