2. A Trip Through History Georgia’s transportation systems and the economy Role of the citizen under Georgia’s constitution Role of the citizen under Georgia’s constitution Legislative Branch Judicial Branch and juvenile courts Executive Branch Local Government Modern Civil Rights Movement Modern Civil Rights Movement Social, economic, and political developments in GA Social, economic, and political developments in GA The Modernization of Atlanta The Modernization of Atlanta

3. The Modernization of Atlanta Politicians & Sports 1940’s - 1970’s

4. The Modernization of Atlanta Politicians Politicians William Hartsfield Ivan Allen Jr. Sports Sports Atlanta Braves Atlanta Hawks Atlanta Falcons Atlanta Thrashers

5. Politicians William Hartsfield William Hartsfield William B. Hartsfield becomes Atlanta’s only 6-term mayor, 1937–62 1937–62 -convinces whites, African-Americans to work together for progress ( A city to busy to hate) -convinces whites, African-Americans to work together for progress ( A city to busy to hate) Atlanta grows in population, size; is known for “doing business” “doing business” While councilman in 1920s, Hartsfield starts Atlanta’s airport (Hartsfield International Airport) Atlanta’s airport (Hartsfield International Airport) -supports Atlanta’s zoo; reforms police, fire departments departments

6. Politicians Ivan Allen, Jr. Ivan Allen, Jr. Served as Atlanta’s mayor after Hartsfield (1962-1970). Served as Atlanta’s mayor after Hartsfield (1962-1970). Credited with keeping the city calm during the civil rights Credited with keeping the city calm during the civil rights movement movement Took positive civil rights stand and worked with Martin Luther King (did away with Jim Crow signs in public facilities) Took positive civil rights stand and worked with Martin Luther King (did away with Jim Crow signs in public facilities) Only southern politician to speak in favor of Civil Rights Act in 1964. Only southern politician to speak in favor of Civil Rights Act in 1964. Brought Braves, and professional football and basketball to the city in the late 1960’s. Brought Braves, and professional football and basketball to the city in the late 1960’s.

7. Politicians Ellis Arnall Ellis Arnall Served as GA governor from 1943-1947 (youngest governor at 35) Served as GA governor from 1943-1947 (youngest governor at 35) During his tenure, GA paid off the State debt. During his tenure, GA paid off the State debt. Served as GA Congressman and Attorney General Served as GA Congressman and Attorney General Restored University of GA accreditation after Talmadge caused it to be lost. Restored University of GA accreditation after Talmadge caused it to be lost. Lowers voting age from 21 to 18; first state to do so Arnall’s prison reform abolishes chain gangs, selling pardons

8. Sports Georgia’s professional sports have brought increased revenue to the state and remain a prime attraction for many of the state’s local, national and international visitors Georgia’s professional sports have brought increased revenue to the state and remain a prime attraction for many of the state’s local, national and international visitors Atlanta Braves 1st professional sports team located in the South1st professional sports team located in the South Hank Aaron set the major league record for home runs in 1974 (broke last year by Barry Bonds)Hank Aaron set the major league record for home runs in 1974 (broke last year by Barry Bonds) Owned by several different groups or families including Ted Turner who owned the basketball and hockey teams.Owned by several different groups or families including Ted Turner who owned the basketball and hockey teams. Won the world series in 1995.Won the world series in 1995. Had over 3 million attend their games in the 1990’sHad over 3 million attend their games in the 1990’s

9. Sports Atlanta Falcons Formed in 1965 and owned by Rankin Smith family (LifeFormed in 1965 and owned by Rankin Smith family (Life Insurance) Insurance) Reached the play-offs three times and played in the SuperReached the play-offs three times and played in the Super Bowl in 1998 Bowl in 1998 Today they are owned by the family who owns HomeToday they are owned by the family who owns Home Depot Depot

10. Sports Atlanta Hawks Moved to Atlanta in 1968 Play in Philips Arena in downtown Atlanta Won the Central Division in 1980 They are owned by the company that owns the building they play in- Atlanta Spirit

11. Sports Atlanta Thrashers Came to Atlanta in 1999 Like the Hawks, they are owned by the Atlanta Spirit Company Has brought a traditional northern sport to the south Economic Role of Sports During the 1990’s when other economies in the U.S. were experiencing hard times, Atlanta hosted two Super Bowls and the Olympics (this kept the economy of GA healthy)During the 1990’s when other economies in the U.S. were experiencing hard times, Atlanta hosted two Super Bowls and the Olympics (this kept the economy of GA healthy)

12. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940’s-1950’s 1960’s-1970’s

13. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940’s-1950’s

14. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940 ’ s-1950 ’ s From its founding in 1733 until 1865, Georgia, like many southern states depended on slavery for the economic stability. Change came slow for the state with the 1940’s and 1950’s being a time of great social change. The changes set the stage for the modern civil rights movement.

15. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940 ’ s-1950 ’ s A Slow Beginning Herman Talmadge was the governor of GA from 1948-1951 and also served as a 4 term U.S. Senator for GA. He won the 1946 governors race in the Three Governor Episode In the 1940’s and early 1950’s the schools were segregated according to race. Herman, like his father did not support integration

16. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940 ’ s-1950 ’ s End of the White Primary The White Primary was a means of controlling black votes and assuring only whites would hold office in GA. This cut blacks out of the political process. It kept white-supremist in office and kept blacks unrepresented. A Supreme Court decision struck down the white primary usage for Georgia in 1946.

17. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940 ’ s-1950 ’ s Topeka Kansas Case in 1954 Landmark Supreme Court case over segregation White citizens wanted schools to remain segregated. Supreme Court ruled that schools must be integrated. All GA schools would not be integrated until 1972 Case helped launch the Civil Rights movement Brown v. Board of Education

18. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940 ’ s-1950 ’ s Georgia Flag 1955- Democratic leader wanted new flag with confederate battle flag symbols 1956- General Assembly changes flag Seen as a sign that Georgia will continue to fight for old south ways 1879-1955 1956-2001

19. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940 ’ s-1950 ’ s Benjamin Mays Minister and president of Morehouse College Where Martin Luther King Jr went Emphasized – dignity for all humans – challenge segregation around them

20. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940 ’ s-1950 ’ s Dr. Martin Luther King Leader of Civil Rights movement -Black soldiers who had defended their country came back to the same racial inequalities -Gained momentum after the arrest of Rosa Parks Wanted nonviolent protests -gained support in this manner -Marches and protests calling for equal rights for “all” Assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee April 4 th 1968

21. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1940 ’ s-1950 ’ s

22. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1960’s-1970’s

24. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1960 ’ s-1970 ’ s SNCC- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committees - encouraged young people to join the fight for civil rights Freedom riders - Freedom riders rode on segregated buses Sit-ins - Sit-ins would include blacks asking for service in white restaurants and businesses Sibley Commission - General Assembly committee on Schools - gathered information of how people felt about desegregation * Whose rights were these organizations trying to protect protect?

25. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1960 ’ s-1970 ’ s University of Georgia Hamilton Holmes & Charlayne Hunter were the first two African- American to attend the University of Georgia in 1961. Hamilton Holmes & Charlayne Hunter were the first two African- American to attend the University of Georgia in 1961. Life was difficult for them on campus (riots and lack of acceptance) Life was difficult for them on campus (riots and lack of acceptance) In 2001 the registration building on campus was renamed the Hunter- Holmes Building In 2001 the registration building on campus was renamed the Hunter- Holmes Building Holmes would become a surgeon and Hunter a correspondent with CNN Holmes would become a surgeon and Hunter a correspondent with CNN What culture’s experience is somewhat like this today in Adel *What culture’s experience is somewhat like this today in Adel? Mountains ex.

26. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1960 ’ s-1970 ’ s Albany Movement Began as a movement to integrate Albany, GA Began as a movement to integrate Albany, GA SNCC members, local volunteers, and Dr. King played a part in the registration of black voters and fighting segregation in Albany. SNCC members, local volunteers, and Dr. King played a part in the registration of black voters and fighting segregation in Albany. March on Washington Site of Dr. King’s “I have a Dream” speech Had the following goals: Had the following goals: -Meaningful civil rights laws-Full & fair employment -Federal works program-Decent housing & voting rights -Adequate integrated education How do you think King’s actions helped other minorities? * How do you think King’s actions helped other minorities?

27. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1960 ’ s-1970 ’ s Civil Rights Act Due to the work of civil rights movement, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Due to the work of civil rights movement, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 -Made it illegal for public facilities segregate. -Guaranteed equal voting rights -Banned any form of segregation from companies that did business with the federal government -Demanded integration of public schools In 1972 this was extended with the Equal Employment Opportunity In 1972 this was extended with the Equal Employment Opportunity Act to protect women in the workplace. * Who might be helped by these laws in the future

28. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1960 ’ s-1970 ’ s Maynard Jackson Atlanta’s mayor in 1973 Atlanta’s mayor in 1973 Was the first African-American elected as mayor of a southern city Was the first African-American elected as mayor of a southern city Encouraged programs that increased the number of African-American in the city’s workforce Encouraged programs that increased the number of African-American in the city’s workforce Andrew Young An aide to Martin Luther King An aide to Martin Luther King Elected as U.S. Representative Elected as U.S. Representative for Georgia (1 st black since 1860) for Georgia (1 st black since 1860) Later named by President Carter as an Later named by President Carter as an Ambassador to the United Nations Ambassador to the United Nations Elected as mayor after Jackson Elected as mayor after Jackson What does the election of these men tell us about race relations? * What does the election of these men tell us about race relations?

29. Modern Civil Rights Movement 1960 ’ s-1970 ’ s Lester Maddox Was a strong segregationist that refused to serve Was a strong segregationist that refused to serve blacks in his restaurant (threatened them with an axe handle) blacks in his restaurant (threatened them with an axe handle) Chose to close his business rather than serve blacks Chose to close his business rather than serve blacks Entered the political arena, eventually becoming the governor Entered the political arena, eventually becoming the governor Despite his segregationist past, he appointed more African-Americans to state offices than any governor before him Despite his segregationist past, he appointed more African-Americans to state offices than any governor before him Later ran for Lt. Governor and won. Later ran for Lt. Governor and won. Why do you think Lester Maddox was friendly to blacks as the governor? * Why do you think Lester Maddox was friendly to blacks as the governor?

30. Modern Civil Rights Movement Study guide—have them do before the quiz (see study guide chapter 19)

31. Quiz 1-He was Atlanta’s only 6 term mayor. 2-He was the only southern politician to speak out in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 3-This Governor lowered the voting age from 21-18. 4- He was the record setting home run king for the Atlanta Braves. 5-This man became the governor of Georgia in the three governor episode. 6-This supreme court decision reversed Plessey v. Ferguson and forced public schools to integrate. 7-He was the president of Morehouse college and influenced the politics of student Martin Luther King Jr.

32. Quiz 8-This man gained national acclaim by leading the Montgomery bus boycott. 9-This group gathered information on how people felt about integration. 10-They were the first two African-Americans to attend the University of Georgia. 11-The March on Washington culminated with Martin Luther King Jr.’s _____ speech. 12-The passage of the _______ made it illegal for public facilities to segregate. 13-______ was the first African-American elected as a mayor of a southern city. 14-______ was elected as the first African-American U.S. Representative from Georgia since the Reconstruction. 15- ______ appointed more African-Americans to state offices than any governor before him.

33. Social, Economic, and Political Developments in GA

34. County Unit System Defeated County Unit System Was created to decrease the voting power of the populated cities Was created to decrease the voting power of the populated cities in favor of the rural areas. Hurt the black vote which was located primarily Hurt the black vote which was located primarily in the cities in the cities Replaced with the one-man-one-vote system. Replaced with the one-man-one-vote system. The Supreme court also demanded Reapportionment – (reorganization) of the district lines to better represent the population (helped blacks gain 10 legislators). The Supreme court also demanded Reapportionment – (reorganization) of the district lines to better represent the population (helped blacks gain 10 legislators).

35. Two Party System Two Party System GA had primarily been controlled by the Democratic party. It was like a one-party system. One party system- allows only one political party to have power Democrats began getting outvoted with changing of county unit system blacks in the city begin making changes with voting power White Supremacy Equality

36. James Earl Carter Born in Plains Georgia Served 7 years in the Navy Won Senator in 1962 and 1964 Won Governor in 1970 combined 300 state agencies to just 30 gave all schools equal funds protected environment and historical sites appointed offices by performance including more colored and women

37. Jimmy Carter: President Won election in 1976 Signed and negotiated peace treaties Makes and signs Treaty of Panama Canal Calmed the cold war with Soviet Union Helped U.S. relations with China Cut aid to countries violating Human Rights

38. Carter ’ s Problems Iranian Hostage Crisis 1979 Iranian Hostage Crisis 1979 – Carter allows removed head of Iran to see U.S. doctor – Angry Iranians take American Hostages – First rescue attempt failed Carter looks bad for this – Hostages released 1 day after Carter leaves office – Hostages held for 444 days Price of Oil Price of Oil – Causes prices of other goods to increase – Leads to high unemployment Carter loses re-election Carter loses re-election

39. Jimmy Carter: the later years Works to improve quality of life Works for human rights Builder for Habitat for Humanity Winner of Presidential Medal of Freedom Nobel Peace Prize and the Nobel Peace Prize

40. Immigration People moving into Georgia 1970- International businesses move to Atlanta Most Immigrants are in farming, or carpet mills – Some work at international companies Fill in when not enough local workers Spend money at local businesses

41. Refresher! 1. Which branch of the armed forces did Jimmy Carter serve? a. Armyc. Air Force b. Navy d. Marines 2. What was the Jimmy Carter’s biggest problem? a. Iranian Hostage Crisis b. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan c. High prices of foreign oil d. Decreasing aid to foreign countries

42. 3.Which award did President Carter Receive for finding peaceful solutions around the world? a. Walter Mondale Peace Prize b. United Nations Service Award c. Nobel Peace Prize d. Grammy Award

43. Georgia’s Constitution &the Role of the Citizen

44. Georgia’s Constitution The state constitution is the highest body of laws in the state. The state constitution is the highest body of laws in the state. GA has had 10 rewritten state constitutions. The 1 st was written in 1777 and the last in 1983. GA has had 10 rewritten state constitutions. The 1 st was written in 1777 and the last in 1983. Based on the U.S. Constitution with a bill of Rights (limit govt. powers) with elections by popular sovereignty(vote for leader). Based on the U.S. Constitution with a bill of Rights (limit govt. powers) with elections by popular sovereignty(vote for leader).

45. Georgia’s Constitution Separation of Powers Divides power between three branches (Legislative, Executive and Judicial) Divides power between three branches (Legislative, Executive and Judicial) Each has their own specific powers (make laws, enforce laws, interpret laws) Each has their own specific powers (make laws, enforce laws, interpret laws) Checks and Balances Each branch has the power to “check” or control the other branches so they do not become too powerful. Each branch has the power to “check” or control the other branches so they do not become too powerful.

46. Role of the Citizen Rights & Responsibilities of the Citizens Rights & Responsibilities of the Citizens Citizens rights are stated in the GA Constitution (Article 1) Citizens rights are stated in the GA Constitution (Article 1) The responsibilities of the citizenship include: The responsibilities of the citizenship include: -obeying laws -voting -serving on jury -expressing public opinion

47. Role of the Citizen Voting Requirements Voting is a citizen’s means of expressing their opinion. Voting is a citizen’s means of expressing their opinion. To be able to vote a citizen must: To be able to vote a citizen must: -Register to vote -Be at least 18yrs. old -Be a citizen of the United States -Legal resident of GA (and county in which they vote) -Non felony based prisoner -Not court ordered mentally incompetent

48. Role of Political Parties in GA The two dominant political parties in GA are the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The two dominant political parties in GA are the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Political parties Political parties * nominate candidates for office * establish party platforms (programs & policies they support) & policies they support) The Democratic Party dominated GA politics for over 100yrs.The Democratic Party dominated GA politics for over 100yrs. The current Governor, Lt. Governor and The current Governor, Lt. Governor and most of its legislators are Republicans most of its legislators are Republicans

49. Quiz 1-This Governor lowered the voting age from 21-18. 2-This man became the governor of Georgia in the three governor episode. 3- This Supreme Court decision reversed Plessey v. Ferguson and forced public schools to integrate. 4-This man gained national acclaim by leading the Montgomery bus boycott. 5-This group gathered information on how people felt about integration.

50. Quiz 6- The passage of the _______ made it illegal for public facilities to segregate. 7-The ______ was replaced with the one-man-one- vote system. 8-This President lost reelection due to the Iranian hostage crisis, the high price of oil, and high unemployment. 9-The Georgia constitution is based on the _______. 10-In order to vote a citizen must be at least ____yrs. old.