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Models of Colonization
Period 2: Models of Colonization
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Periodization Jamestown-1607 French-Indian War-1754
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European Colonies: Spanish
Spanish Santa Fe—1609 Spanish men, pueblo women=mestizo population
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European Colonies: French
Quebec—1608 Coureurs de bois Focused on alliances with native populations Hurons Intermarriage Fur Trade
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European Colonies: Dutch
Gained independence in 1581 Henry Hudson—Fort Orange—1609 New Amsterdam Elaborate international trading and shipping Dutch West India Company Alliances with American Indians (Iroquois) “Wall Street”
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British Colonial Settlements
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British Colonies 1) Chesapeake Bay Colonies 2) New England Colonies
3) Middle Colonies
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Chesapeake Bay—Virginia
Virginia Company—1607--Jamestown Joint-stock companies Private investors shared risk and profit Immigration bankrolled by wealthy colonist for labor
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Chesapeake Bay—Virginia
1619 was a big year House of Burgesses Significance? Dutch dropped off the first African slaves 90 women arrived Scarcity of women created increased opportunity for influence
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Chesapeake Bay—Virginia
Tobacco cultivation Headright system Consistent conflict with Algonquian Powhatan Confederacy Powhatan uprising of 1622 By 1670, Indian population was 2,000 and Virginia was 40,000
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Chesapeake Bay: Maryland
1632—Proprietary Colony King Charles granted 10 million acres to Calvert family Lord Baltimore Catholic Economic growth & stability=tobacco and shipping access
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New England Colonies Plymouth Colony William Bradford Separatists
( ) Self-sustaining community William Bradford Separatists Virginia Company Mayflower Compact—1620 Significance?
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New England Colonies Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629) “City on a Hill”
13 years=20,000 settlers John Winthrop Joint-stock—Mass. Bay Company Self-governing Divine mission
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Puritans Very structured society “Puritans and Sex”
Salem Witch Trials—1692 Mistrust of women Unmarried, childless, widows, assertive Gender Roles
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Middle Colonies New York—Duke of York defeated Dutch-1664
New Jersey—1702 Both very diverse populations Unruly ethnic mix Pennsylvania Delaware
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Pennsylvania William Penn—1681 Quakers “City of Brotherly Love”
Gender equality Religious openess 50 years peace w/ American Indians Economic diversity
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Southern Colonies Carolinas—1669 Georgia—1732 North=small farming
South=settlers from Barbados & slavery Georgia—1732 Social experiment (failed) Buffer between Spanish Florida (success) James Ogelthorpe
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HTS Practice 1) Timeline of colonial establishments
2) Compare/Contrast
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