1. 3 – cold war spreads to Asia
China, Korea, Vietnam

2. Preview of Events 1946 October 1949 September 1949 June 1950
French-Vietminh War begins
People’s Republic of china established
Soviets enter Nuclear Arms race
Korean War begins

3. Civil War and Revolution in China
REVIEW: #41
1920s – Mao Zedong leads communist forces
Against Chiang Kai Shek – leader of China’s Nationalist gov’t
During WWII – set aside civil war to resist Japanese occupation
End WWII – Civil war continues
Mao makes great gains – still doesn’t succeed

4. Civil War and Revolution in China cont.
Mid-1940s – US sends $2 billion in aid to Nationalists
Money was wasted b/c of poor military planning and corruption
By 1949 – US discontinued aid to Chinese Nationalists
October 1949 – Communists win = establishes People’s Republic of China
Nationalist leaders flee to Taiwan (AKA Formosa)

5. After The Fall of China America shocked by China’s fall to communism
REVIEW: #11
America shocked by China’s fall to communism
September 1949
Soviets announce successful atomic bomb test
Soviets enter Nuclear Arms Race
Early 1950s
People’s Republic of China & Soviet Union sign treaty Friendship and Alliance
Western leaders fear that China and Soviet Union support communist revolutions in other nations
US kept formal relations with Nationalists
US used veto powers to keep New Communist China out of UN

6. After Fall of China cont.
REVIEW: #36
Chinese revolution brought significant change in American policy toward Japan at end of WWII
Douglas MacArthur took charge of Japan – introduce democracy
After loss of China  moved towards rapid recovery of Japan’s industrial economy
Japan = key to defend Asia
West Germany = Key to defend Europe

7. “The U.S.S.R.’s desire for World Domination requires
NSC-68: U.S. National Security Report, 1950
emphasizes Soviet aggression
calls for massive U.S. military buildup
“The U.S.S.R.’s desire for World Domination requires
not only to this Republic but civilization itself take a stand”

8. Korean War ( ):
(June, 1950)
Communist North Korea
invades across the
38th parallel, attacking
Democratic South Korea

9. III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
U.N. troops defend South Korea
Push N. Korean army back across 38th parallel
MacArthur continues to push Communist out of N. Korea
Stay away from CHINA!!!!

10. Nov 1950
300,000 “Red Army”
Communist Chinese
enter war and push UN forces back across 38th
MacArthur wants declare war and use A-Bomb on China
Truman says NO!
MacArthur criticizes Truman
Truman fires MacArthur

11. US pushes back:
Stalemate at 38th parallel
July 1953 Sign Armistice
Results of
Korean War:
54,000 Americans die
Millions of Dollars spent
South Korea still democratic
Korean War Brings communism into Asia

12. Korean War
Read “The Korean War” and answer questions with your partner.
1910
Japan annexed Korea as a colony
Potsdam – USSR occupy north & US occupy south. Divided at 38th parallel
June 1945
North Korea becomes Democratic People’s Republic of Korea & South Korea becomes Republic of Korea
1948
6 – 9/50
N. Koreans push S. Koreans & US south to tip of Korea (draw red)
9-11/50
MacArthur pushes N. Korea back across 38th almost to China (draw blue)
China joins war and pushes back across 38th (dotted red)
11/50-1/51
1951
Stalemate at 38th parallel
1953
Armistice signed by US, China, N. Korea. S. Korea did not sign

13. Korean War Timeline 1910- June 1945 1948 1950 1951 1953 1954
Korea annexed by Japan
June 1945
Potsdam Korea divided between USSR & USA
Russians arrive in Korea
USA arrive in Korea/Japan surrender
1948
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (NORTH/Communist)
Republic of Korea (South/Dem)
1950
Stalin approves Southern invasion
North Korea invades South Korea
North pushes South to coast
MacArthur’s landing at Inchon
North pushed across 38th to Yalu River
China enters the war.
US pushed to brink of defeat
1951
Stalemate at 38th Parallel
1953
Armistice signed (DMZ)
Treaty negotiators fail
1954

14. The Vietnam War an introduction

15. What do I know about Vietnam?
Write down as many things you know about Vietnam and America’s involvement in Vietnam.

16. Where is Vietnam?

17. What countries border Vietnam?

18. Southeast Asia Vietnam is in S.E. Asia Near
China
Laos
Thailand
Cambodia
Malaysia
Burma
Remember the Domino Theory!!!!!

19. Why Vietnam? Fertile Soil Many resources Farming Fishing
83 million people

20. Vietnam under Imperial Control
under China control
First to defeat the Mongols under Kublai & Genghis Kahn
Mongols failed 3 times to invade S.E. Asia
Gained independence from China in early 1800s

21. French in Vietnam
1850’s to 1954
Exploited Vietnam’s resources
Introduced Catholicism
Western Education
French cultural diffusion

22. Strongly resisted imperialism from: China Mongols French Japanese
Vietnam & imperialism
Strongly resisted imperialism from:
China
Mongols
French
Japanese
Centuries fighting guerrilla tactics in Vietnamese Jungles
USA military & politicians did not understand this

23. Vietnam & Colonialism
WWI- 14 points Wilson promised to end Colonialism
Ho Chi Minh- Went to Versailles hoping to get Vietnamese independence from France

24. Ho Chi Minh Nationalitist Viet Minh Wanted Independence
Pride in your country
Viet Minh
Nationalist group founded by Ho Chi Minh
Opposed French & Japanese

25. Vietnam & wwii Controlled by the French
Resisted French more as war grew
French abandon colony to fight Germany
Invaded by Japan (expansion)
USA trains Viet Minh to fight Japan

26. End of WWII Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent
Reads Declaration of Independence
Build relationship with US
France reclaims their colony

27. U.S.A backs France U.S. Torn Back Vietnamese independence ?
Ho Chi Minh likely to go Communist
Vietnamese independently are weak and susceptible to Communism
Back French colonialism ?
Korea & China = easy to go Communist
France stronger to practice Containment
France can stop communism in W.Europe
U.S.A backs France

28. French vs. Viet Minh 1945-1954 Viet Minh fight for independence
70% of war paid for by USA.
USA sends experts to train French
1954 Dien Bien Phu
Final defeat of the French
French surrender and lose all territory in S.E. Asia

29. 1954 Geneva conference Ended fighting between
French and Vietnamese
Divided 17th parallel until French leave.
DMZ=Demilitarized zone
Elections to decide on type of Government.
Communist North
Democratic South

30. USA must protect pro west government of South Vietnam
USA dilemma
USA must protect pro west government of South Vietnam
Important
If Vietnam goes Communist
Failure of Containment
Domino Theory
Fear of Communist Alliance
America supports
No unification
Free Southern Vietnam

31. South Vietnam Nationalist & Anti- Communist Ngo Dinh Diem
Support from Eisenhower, Truman, & Kennedy
Military and Financial Aid
Escalation of Troops

32. Intro to First Indochina War
REVIEW: #38, 23
French Occupation – Early 17th century French colonization
Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos = French Indochina
Early 1990s
Nationalism became a powerful force in Vietnam
Several political parties formed to push for independence or reform the French colonial government
Ho Chi Minh
One of the nationalist leaders
At 21  sailed for Europe
Visited Soviet Union  found communism

33. Intro to First Indochina War
REVIEW: #25
1930
Returned to SE Asia and founded Indochinese communist party = worked to overthrow French
Became a wanted man fled and spent years exiled in Soviet Union and China
1941
Returned to Japanese occupied Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh organized nationalist group called Vietminh
Group united communists and non-communists to fight Japanese
US began sending military aid to Vietminh

34. Intro to First Indochina War cont.
August 1945
Japanese surrendered control of Indochina
Ho Chi Minh announced that Vietnam was an independent nation
Created a Declaration of Independence = similar to American Declaration of Independence
French refused to see Vietnam become independent  wanted to regain colonial empire in SE Asia
1946
French troops returned to Vietnam and pushed Vietminh forces into hiding in countryside
1949
French officials set up new government in Vietnam
Vietminh fought back
Fighting escalated = France asked US for aid

35. Intro to First Indochinese war
REVIEW: #26
Truman administration
United States was in difficult position
Was opposed of colonialism
Also opposed of Vietnam’s independence movement due to ties with communist movement
2 events convinced Truman to help France
Fall of China to communism
Outbreak of Korean War

36. Causes and Effects of the Cold War
Marshall Plan provides aid to Western Europe
Western nations form NATO; Communist nations form Warsaw Pact
Korean War erupts
American and Soviet arms race begins
Red Scare leads to hunt for Communists in US
CAUSES
Soviet Union controls Eastern Europe after WWII
Chinese Communists win control of China
US and Soviet Union explode atomic bomb