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3 – cold war spreads to Asia

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Presentation on theme: "3 – cold war spreads to Asia"— Presentation transcript:

1 3 – cold war spreads to Asia
China, Korea, Vietnam

2 Preview of Events 1946 October 1949 September 1949 June 1950
French-Vietminh War begins People’s Republic of china established Soviets enter Nuclear Arms race Korean War begins

3 Civil War and Revolution in China
REVIEW: #41 1920s – Mao Zedong leads communist forces Against Chiang Kai Shek – leader of China’s Nationalist gov’t During WWII – set aside civil war to resist Japanese occupation End WWII – Civil war continues Mao makes great gains – still doesn’t succeed

4 Civil War and Revolution in China cont.
Mid-1940s – US sends $2 billion in aid to Nationalists Money was wasted b/c of poor military planning and corruption By 1949 – US discontinued aid to Chinese Nationalists October 1949 – Communists win = establishes People’s Republic of China Nationalist leaders flee to Taiwan (AKA Formosa)

5 After The Fall of China America shocked by China’s fall to communism
REVIEW: #11 America shocked by China’s fall to communism September 1949 Soviets announce successful atomic bomb test Soviets enter Nuclear Arms Race Early 1950s People’s Republic of China & Soviet Union sign treaty Friendship and Alliance Western leaders fear that China and Soviet Union support communist revolutions in other nations US kept formal relations with Nationalists US used veto powers to keep New Communist China out of UN

6 After Fall of China cont.
REVIEW: #36 Chinese revolution brought significant change in American policy toward Japan at end of WWII Douglas MacArthur took charge of Japan – introduce democracy After loss of China  moved towards rapid recovery of Japan’s industrial economy Japan = key to defend Asia West Germany = Key to defend Europe

7 “The U.S.S.R.’s desire for World Domination requires
NSC-68: U.S. National Security Report, 1950 emphasizes Soviet aggression calls for massive U.S. military buildup “The U.S.S.R.’s desire for World Domination requires not only to this Republic but civilization itself take a stand”

8 Korean War ( ): (June, 1950) Communist North Korea invades across the 38th parallel, attacking Democratic South Korea

9 III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy
U.N. troops defend South Korea Push N. Korean army back across 38th parallel MacArthur continues to push Communist out of N. Korea Stay away from CHINA!!!!

10 Nov 1950 300,000 “Red Army” Communist Chinese enter war and push UN forces back across 38th MacArthur wants declare war and use A-Bomb on China Truman says NO! MacArthur criticizes Truman Truman fires MacArthur

11 US pushes back: Stalemate at 38th parallel July 1953 Sign Armistice Results of Korean War: 54,000 Americans die Millions of Dollars spent South Korea still democratic Korean War Brings communism into Asia

12 Korean War Read “The Korean War” and answer questions with your partner. 1910 Japan annexed Korea as a colony Potsdam – USSR occupy north & US occupy south. Divided at 38th parallel June 1945 North Korea becomes Democratic People’s Republic of Korea & South Korea becomes Republic of Korea 1948 6 – 9/50 N. Koreans push S. Koreans & US south to tip of Korea (draw red) 9-11/50 MacArthur pushes N. Korea back across 38th almost to China (draw blue) China joins war and pushes back across 38th (dotted red) 11/50-1/51 1951 Stalemate at 38th parallel 1953 Armistice signed by US, China, N. Korea. S. Korea did not sign

13 Korean War Timeline 1910- June 1945 1948 1950 1951 1953 1954
Korea annexed by Japan June 1945 Potsdam Korea divided between USSR & USA Russians arrive in Korea USA arrive in Korea/Japan surrender 1948 Democratic People's Republic of Korea (NORTH/Communist) Republic of Korea (South/Dem) 1950 Stalin approves Southern invasion North Korea invades South Korea North pushes South to coast MacArthur’s landing at Inchon North pushed across 38th to Yalu River China enters the war. US pushed to brink of defeat 1951 Stalemate at 38th Parallel 1953 Armistice signed (DMZ) Treaty negotiators fail 1954

14 The Vietnam War an introduction

15 What do I know about Vietnam?
Write down as many things you know about Vietnam and America’s involvement in Vietnam.

16 Where is Vietnam?

17 What countries border Vietnam?

18 Southeast Asia Vietnam is in S.E. Asia Near
China Laos Thailand Cambodia Malaysia Burma Remember the Domino Theory!!!!!

19 Why Vietnam? Fertile Soil Many resources Farming Fishing
83 million people

20 Vietnam under Imperial Control
under China control First to defeat the Mongols under Kublai & Genghis Kahn Mongols failed 3 times to invade S.E. Asia Gained independence from China in early 1800s

21 French in Vietnam 1850’s to 1954 Exploited Vietnam’s resources Introduced Catholicism Western Education French cultural diffusion

22 Strongly resisted imperialism from: China Mongols French Japanese
Vietnam & imperialism Strongly resisted imperialism from: China Mongols French Japanese Centuries fighting guerrilla tactics in Vietnamese Jungles USA military & politicians did not understand this

23 Vietnam & Colonialism WWI- 14 points Wilson promised to end Colonialism Ho Chi Minh- Went to Versailles hoping to get Vietnamese independence from France

24 Ho Chi Minh Nationalitist Viet Minh Wanted Independence
Pride in your country Viet Minh Nationalist group founded by Ho Chi Minh Opposed French & Japanese

25 Vietnam & wwii Controlled by the French
Resisted French more as war grew French abandon colony to fight Germany Invaded by Japan (expansion) USA trains Viet Minh to fight Japan

26 End of WWII Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent
Reads Declaration of Independence Build relationship with US France reclaims their colony

27 U.S.A backs France U.S. Torn Back Vietnamese independence ?
Ho Chi Minh likely to go Communist Vietnamese independently are weak and susceptible to Communism Back French colonialism ? Korea & China = easy to go Communist France stronger to practice Containment France can stop communism in W.Europe U.S.A backs France

28 French vs. Viet Minh 1945-1954 Viet Minh fight for independence
70% of war paid for by USA. USA sends experts to train French 1954 Dien Bien Phu Final defeat of the French French surrender and lose all territory in S.E. Asia

29 1954 Geneva conference Ended fighting between
French and Vietnamese Divided 17th parallel until French leave. DMZ=Demilitarized zone Elections to decide on type of Government. Communist North Democratic South

30 USA must protect pro west government of South Vietnam
USA dilemma USA must protect pro west government of South Vietnam Important If Vietnam goes Communist Failure of Containment Domino Theory Fear of Communist Alliance America supports No unification Free Southern Vietnam

31 South Vietnam Nationalist & Anti- Communist Ngo Dinh Diem
Support from Eisenhower, Truman, & Kennedy Military and Financial Aid Escalation of Troops

32 Intro to First Indochina War
REVIEW: #38, 23 French Occupation – Early 17th century French colonization Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos = French Indochina Early 1990s Nationalism became a powerful force in Vietnam Several political parties formed to push for independence or reform the French colonial government Ho Chi Minh One of the nationalist leaders At 21  sailed for Europe Visited Soviet Union  found communism

33 Intro to First Indochina War
REVIEW: #25 1930 Returned to SE Asia and founded Indochinese communist party = worked to overthrow French Became a wanted man fled and spent years exiled in Soviet Union and China 1941 Returned to Japanese occupied Vietnam Ho Chi Minh organized nationalist group called Vietminh Group united communists and non-communists to fight Japanese US began sending military aid to Vietminh

34 Intro to First Indochina War cont.
August 1945 Japanese surrendered control of Indochina Ho Chi Minh announced that Vietnam was an independent nation Created a Declaration of Independence = similar to American Declaration of Independence French refused to see Vietnam become independent  wanted to regain colonial empire in SE Asia 1946 French troops returned to Vietnam and pushed Vietminh forces into hiding in countryside 1949 French officials set up new government in Vietnam Vietminh fought back Fighting escalated = France asked US for aid

35 Intro to First Indochinese war
REVIEW: #26 Truman administration United States was in difficult position Was opposed of colonialism Also opposed of Vietnam’s independence movement due to ties with communist movement 2 events convinced Truman to help France Fall of China to communism Outbreak of Korean War

36 Causes and Effects of the Cold War
Marshall Plan provides aid to Western Europe Western nations form NATO; Communist nations form Warsaw Pact Korean War erupts American and Soviet arms race begins Red Scare leads to hunt for Communists in US CAUSES Soviet Union controls Eastern Europe after WWII Chinese Communists win control of China US and Soviet Union explode atomic bomb


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