1. British History ( origins – 1066 CE) British History ( origins – 1066 CE) Fabio Pesaresi

2. Beaker culture ► Arrived 2500 BCE ► introduced food and drinks vessels of clay ► built megalithic monuments (Stonehenge, Avebury)

3. Stonehenge

4. Celts (around 700 BCE)

5. ► Iron instead of Bronze ► Skilled craftsmen ► Druids

6. Julius Caesar (55 BCE)

10. Roman occupation ► Claudius (41-54 CE) ► Hadrian (76-138 CE) builds the wall against raiders from the north

11. Hadrian’s Wall

12. Roman Britain

13. ► Roads & baths ► Cities (London, Manchester, York, Bath) ► Mining (silver) ► Urban Culture

14. NOlanguageNOChristianity

15. Toponyms CASTRA -chester, -caster Manchester, Doncaster, Chester

16. Bath (Aquae Sulis)

17. 409 The Romans leave Britain no more military defense no more administration no more stable economy

18. King Arthur ► Fictional ► Represents the end of the Celtic world

19. Germanic Tribes ► Angles ► Saxons ► Jutes

20. The Heptarchy

21. Sutton Hoo (discovered 1939

22. Toponyms ► - ing (= folk)  Reading ► - ham (= farm)  Birmingham ► - ton (= settlement)  Southampton

23. Christianization St. Augustine (597) first Primate of Canterbury & Irish monks

24. Celtic Christianity ► based in monasteries ► Abbots instead of Bishops ► more independent from Rome Rome

25. Book of Kells (800 ca.)

26. Roman Church ► established parishes ► built churches all over England

27. Viking raids ► 865 - “Great Army” ► by 875 only Wessex is Anglo-Saxon. ► 878 - the Vikings attack Wessex and king Alfred flees to the Somerset marshes.

28. King Alfred the Great (871-899) ► fought the Vikings ► built a fleet ► assembled Anglo-Saxon laws ► promoted education and scholarship ► translated Latin works into Anglo-Saxon ► encouraged the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (till 1154)

29. ► Ethelred (d. 1016) pays the Danish Money (Danegeld) ► Canute (1016-1035) elected king by the ‘witan’ (royal council)

30. Edward the Confessor (1042-1066) ► saintly life ► Built Westminster Abbey