1. Neck Region
PA 481

2. Anterior Surface

3. Triangles at Surface

4. Hyoid
C3 level
Suprahyoid muscles
Infrahyoid muscles

5. Vertebral Column

6. Intervertebral disc

7. Vertebra Parts

8. C1 & C2

9. Cervical Vertebra

10. Typical Cervical Vertebra

11. Spinal Cord
Receives and generates signals to body through the spinal nerves

12. Cord in Spinal Canal Posterior Median Sulcus Posterior Root
Denticulate Ligament
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Anterior Root
Spinal Nerve

13. Spinal Cord (X.S.)

14. Spinal Cord (x.s.)

15. Spinal Nerve Anatomy

17. Functional Arrangement of SC
Ascending and descending pathways

18. Ascending Pathways

19. Descending Pathways

20. Cervical Plexus
Serves neck and
diaphragm

21. Brachial Plexus and pectoral nerves

22. Brachial Plexus
Innervates most of the arm and some of the body wall.

23. Spinal Cord Segments
4 segments: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (only 1 coccygeal nerve)
31 pairs of spinal nerves

24. Cervical Segment

25. Neck Fascia Superficial fascia Prevertebral fascia Alar fascia
Investing fascia
Pretracheal fascia

26. Platysma

27. SCM and Trapezius
SCM
Trapezius

28. Cervical Triangles
Anterior Triangle
Posterior Triangle

29. Posterior Triangle
Occipital triangle
Supraclavicular triangle

30. Superficial and Deep Posterior Triangle
Ext. jugular v.
SCM
Splenius
Levator scapulae
Nerve Point of Neck
Accessory n.
Phrenic n.
Prevertebral fascia
Platysma
Scalenes
Brachial plexus

31. Supraclavicular Triangle
Brachial Plexus
SCM
Subclavian vessels

32. Anterior Triangles
Submandibular
Submental
Carotid
Muscular

33. Muscular Triangle

34. Muscles of Triangle
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyroid
Sternohyoid

35. Thyroid Location

36. Accessory Thyroid gland
Accessory thyroid along thyroglossal duct

37. Pyramidal lobe
(50% of people have this lobe structure)

38. Thyroid Follicle Parafollicular cells  calcitonin
(follicular cells  thyroxine)
Parafollicular cells  calcitonin

39. T3 & T4 Formation and Secretion

40. T3 & T4

41. Control of Thyroxine Secretion
Short loop
Long loop

42. Thyroid Malfunction Hypothyroidism
Endemic goiters –due to iodine deffeicency
Cretinism –i thyroxine in child results in igrowth (dwarf) and severe mental retardation
Myxedema –i thyroxine in adult, leads to swelling of tissues plus other symptoms

43. Cretinism

44. Thyroid Malfunction Hyperthyroidism
Toxic goiters (Graves disease) –Ab may stimulate thyroid without negative feedback control
Exophthalmos –symptom present in many hyperthyroid patients

45. Parathyroid Location

46. Parathyroid

47. PTH Actions Stimulates resorption of bone  hCa+ and PO4- in blood
Stimulates Ca+ absorption in intestine (active Vit. D3 necessary for Ca+ absorption)
Stimulates Ca+ reabsorption and PO4- excretion in kidney
Stimulates Vit. D3 formation (skin) and activation (kidney)
Vital for life

48. Laryngeal Cartilages Hyoid Epiglottis Arytenoid cartilage
(anterior)
Arytenoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
(posterior)

49. Voice Box
Vestibular fold
Ventricle
Vocal fold

50. CN X: supply to laryngeal muscles
Inf. Vagal ganglion
Internal Laryngeal n. (sensory & autonomic)
External Laryngeal n. (motor to inf. Pharnygeal constrictor and the cricohyoid)
Recurrent Laryngeal n. (motor to all other laryngeal muscles)

51. Digastric
Mylohyoid
Submental Triangle
-contains submental lymph nodes

52. Carotid Triangle Digastric (posterior belly) External carotid a.
Internal carotid a.
Common carotid a.
Ansa cervicalis
SCM
IJV
Omohyoid

53. Ext. Carotid Branches Hypoglossal n. Post. Auricular Occipital
Int. carotid
Superficial Temporal
Maxillary
Ext. carotid
Facial
Lingual
Sup. Thyroid
Common Carotid
IJV
Ansa cervicalis
Asc. Pharyngeal (not show)

54. External carotid (isolated)
Superficial Temporal
Post. Auricular
Maxillary
Occipital
Facial
Lingual
Asc. Pharyngeal
Sup. Thyroid
Note: Internal carotid has NO neck branches.

57. Carotid bodies

60. IJV
Sup. Bulb of IJV
Facial
Sup. Thyroid
Inf. Bulb of IJV
IJV

61. Lymph nodes of neck
Deep Cervical Lymph nodes (most located in carotid sheath)

62. Submandibular Triangle
Submandibular glands
Digastrics

63. Submandibular Lymph nodes

64. Pharynx
Function: deglutition Mucosa: Str. Squamous Muscularis: Skeletal

65. Oro- and nasopharynx Pharyngeal tonsil
Pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube
Tubal tonsils (small holes)
Pharyngeal recess
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Palatine bone
Soft palate
Uvula
Palatoglossal arch
Tonsillar cleft
Palatopharyngeal arch
Lingual Tonsil

66. Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
Palatopharyngeus

67. Tonsils
PharyngealTonsil

68. Pharyngeal Constrictors
Superior
Middle
Inferior

69. Peristalsis

70. Deglutition (Swallowing)

71. Fluid Drinking

72. Deglutition (cont’d)

73. Deglutition (cont’d)

74. Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
Piriform recess