1. Ch.10 Sec.1

2. Who Runs the government? 1.Monarch (King/Queen)- ruled the country 2.Parliament House of Lords- inherited or appointed position until 1999 House of Commons- elected by British people Voting Restrictions GB was NOT a true democracy Only 5% could vote Only men who owned property could vote Women could not vote Upper class males controlled the government

3. Middle class protest Wealthy middle class- factory owners, bankers, and merchants Protested for Parliament for suffrage French Revolution frightened Parliament and they did not want a revolution to start in their country Reform Bill of 1832 passes Lowered property requirements so that wealthy middle- class men could vote Modernized electoral districts so that industrial cities have more representation (London, Manchester, Liverpool)

4. People’s Charter of 1838 Working class and other groups still denied right to vote Proposal 1.Suffrage (right to vote) for ALL MEN 2.Voting should be secret (private) 3.End property requirements & pay Parliament members Opened Parliament to more groups of people (not only wealthy) 4.Annual Parliament elections (DID NOT PASS) 1884 almost all adult males had the right to vote

5. Came into power during 1837 @ age 18 Queen for nearly 64 yrs British empire reached height of its wealth under her reign Very popular Switch to democracy Kings before her exercised control over parliament During 1800s almost all power shifted to Parliament Government ran by prime minister & cabinet

6. By 1890 NO country allowed women the right to vote As men gained more suffrage, women demanded the same Campaign/Resistance Women began forming reform societies and protesting unfair laws/customs Many felt that women voting was too radical and that women had no place in politics WSPU- Women’s Social and Political Union Militant organization Draw attention to women’s suffrage Led protests/hunger strikes to gain attention Women did not gain the right to vote in GB/U.S. until after WWI 1920 for women in United States

7. Between 1871-1914 France averaged a new government every year Third Republic- established by National Assembly Lasted over 60 yrs Dreyfus Affair Monarchists, aristocrats, clergy, & army leaders wanted to establish a monarchy Anti-semitism (prejudice against Jews) played a role in the scandal Captain Alfred Dreyfus- accused of selling military secrets to Germany Sentenced to life in prison, but new evidence showed he had been framed because he was Jewish After 4 years he was declared innocent

8. Dreyfus affair showed European hatred towards the Jews More severe cases in Eastern Europe Russian allowed campaigns of violence against Jews Starting in 1880 thousands of Jews left E. Europe Most of them headed for the United States Zionism Jews had been exiled and persecuted throughout history Campaigned for a homeland in Palestine Took many years for Israel (Jewish state) to be established

9. Self-Rule for British Colonies

10. 1800 British had colonies around the world Asia and Africa were British outposts Dominated control of trade with locals No control over population  Canada, Australia, & New Zealand  European colonist dominated natives  As GB industrialized/prospered, so did colonies

11.  Original home for many Native Americans  French were the first colonize Canada Very good relationship with natives (trade, marriage, etc.)  Great Britain takes control in 1763 after winning the French & Indian War French and British settle different regions of the country  Differences in language/religion caused tension  French- Roman Catholic  British- protestant Both groups wanted voice in Parliament Parliament creates two new provinces  Upper Canada (Ontario)- British  Lower Canada (Quebec)- French

13. Division of Upper/Lower Canada eases tension for a while Middle class colonist begin to push for political/economical reforms Late 1830s Rebellion broke out in both regions  Lord Durham  Reformer sent to Canada to investigate  Solution:  Upper & Lower Canada should be reunited as Province of Canada and immigration encouraged  Colonists should be allowed to govern themselves Mid 1800s Canadians felt that they needed a central government to protect interests of citizens from the U.S.  1867  Dominion of Canada formed  Allowed to self govern, BUT still part of British Empire

14. Claimed by James Cook in 1770 for GB Considered uninhabited  Aborigines- native group—longest ongoing culture in the world  1788- Began colonizing with criminals (Penal Colony) GB’s prisons were overcrowded Could buy land and settle once released 1800s settlers began arriving  Biggest business- exporting sheep wool  1851 Gold Rush  Became independent in 1901

15. Claimed by James Cook- 1769  Maori  Polynesian culture that settled in A.D. 800 Land rights were recognized 1814- Missionaries attempted conversion to Christianity Self Government 1850s were self governing with Parliamentary forms of gov.  1893- first nation to give full voting rights to women (WHITE WOMEN)

16.  1100s- Pope gives GB control of Ireland  GBs laws limited rights of Catholics already living in Ireland Became part of GB in 1801 Catholic Emancipation Act 1829- restored rights to Catholics  Great Famine  Peasants depended on potatoes as food source  1845-48 plant fungus ruined nearly all potatoes  Approx. 1 million people died

17.  Home Rule Independent control from GB  Feared by Protestants (minority) 1914- Southern Ireland granted Home Rule, BUT WWI postponed it Rebellion/Division Irish Republican Arm (IRA)- unofficial military group force seeking independence Attacked British officials in Ireland  1912 Ireland separated in Northern Ireland & South  1949 Irish Free State declared independent

18. Pg. 319 (1-2) Pg. 321 (3,4,5)