1. The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914
Imperialism: The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that nation

2. Causes of Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution caused a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States
Where would these resources come from?
Africa
Asia
Latin America

3. Causes of Imperialism
Economic competition between European nations; new markets to sell their goods
The need of European nations to add colonies to their empires as a measure of national greatness
Growing racism, or the belief that one race was superior to another
Because they were more technologically advanced, many Europeans and Americans felt they had the right to dominate the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America

4. Causes of Imperialism
Social Darwinism: the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others
Because of Social Darwinism, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring progress to other nations
Need to Christianize the people of Asia and Africa
Need to civilize and “westernize” others

5. What Enabled Imperialism?
Europeans’ technological superiority (including the Maxim machine gun)
Improvements in transportation to and within Asian and African colonies (thanks to the steam engine)
Medical advances, such as Quinine, which protected Europeans from foreign diseases (malaria)
Disunity among ethnic groups in Africa

6. Imperialism in 1914

7. Imperialism in China China was a manufacturing power-house Opium!
This made it difficult for Europeans to find something the Chinese would buy
Opium!
Unfortunately, drugs have always been a product that makes money
Created a lot of addicts
Chinese government was not strong enough to keep it out
Treaty of Nanjin (1842)
Ended the Opium War between Britain and China
Britain gained control of Hong Kong (which it controlled until July 1, 1997)
Britain had free trade in 4 other Chinese ports
European Spheres of Influence

8. No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??
Imperialism in Africa
Berlin Conference,
European nations met to lay down rules for the division of Africa
Any European nation could claim land in Africa by telling the others and showing they could control the area
Europeans paid no attention to the ethnic and linguistic divisions in Africa when dividing it amongst themselves
No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??

9. Impact of Imperialism in Africa
POSITIVE
Local warfare reduced
Improved sanitation
Hospitals led to increased lifespan
Schools led to increased literacy
Economic growth
NEGATIVE
Loss of land and independence
Men forced to work in European owned mines and on European owned farms
Contempt for traditional culture and admiration of European culture = identity problems
Dividing up of Africa = artificial boundaries divided kinship groups and united rivals

10. Forms of Imperialism FORMS OF IMPERIALISM CHARACTERISTICS Colony
A country or region governed internally by a foreign power
Protectorate
A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other government

11. Forms of Imperialism: Types of Management
INDIRECT CONTROL
DIRECT CONTROL
Local government officials were used
Limited self-rule
GOAL: to develop future leaders
Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
GOAL: assimilation (the process in which a minority group adopts the customs of the prevailing culture)
Government institutions based only on European styles
Paternalism: people governed in a fatherly way where their needs are provided for but they’re not given rights

12. Imperialism in India
Includes present day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
British colony
Indirect rule – many local Princes still had local power
Allowed Indians to receive a British education
2/3 of the British Army in India were Indians, known as Sepoys
Major source of resources, such as cotton
Introduced technology
Increased railroads dramatically

13. British Imperialism
At its height, the British Empire controlled 1/5 (20%) of the world
England, Wales, Scotland
Ireland
Canada
Honduras
Bermuda
Bahamas
Jamaica
Virgin Islands
British Guiana
Falkland Islands
Sierra Leone
Gambia
Gold Coast
South Africa
Egypt (Suez Canal)
Aden
Afghanistan
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
Singapore
Hong Kong
Australia
New Zealand
Fiji