1. NETWORK CENTRIC COMPUTING (With included EMBEDDED SYSTEMS)

2. Network Centric Computing A Web Browser to provide a Universal Client Users have a consistent and Familiar User Interface A Browser can launch many types of applications and read many types of documents This can be accomplished on different operating systems/platforms and is independent of where the applications or documents are stored

3. PC Web Connections The PC with web browser connects to Internet via modem (RS232, USB or Ethernet) The RS232 and USB would be telephone connections either via landline or mobile Ethernet would be cable or broadband telephone or in some cases via satellite

4. Simplified Web Operation(1) All devices connected to the web have a unique number called the IP address and may have an alphanumeric hostname IP is short for the Internet Protocol that makes it possible for different computers with different hardware and operating system to communicate A network of computers, or Hosts, connected by the Internet Protocol is called an Internet The data from the PC may seem to be a continuous stream but is broken up into smaller “chunks” called packets

5. Simplified Web Operation(2) The link between the PC with the browser and the host PC being called appears direct In reality the packets of data require many intermediate steps through routers, gateways and even other servers on the way to the other host PC The mechanism that controls all this is TCP, transmission Control Protocol The complete system is called TCP/IP as both protocols are needed for correct operation

6. A Web based Embedded System This type of system uses conventional PCs with a Web browser as user interfaces Another PC, often part of a distributed embedded system, is used for control and data capture The key to this system is the use of a database which may be on the control and data capture PC or a separate database server PC In either case the resulting captured data is stored in the database Any authorised user can have access to the data, via a server PC, which is searchable and manipulated as required, without direct access to the hardware

7. Typical Web Embedded System

8. Distributed Embedded System NETIOM or similar system used for non time critical tasks as the use of web pages as data transfer is not fast. Microcontroller used for time critical tasks such as data collection from SPI or I2C sensors and PWM control of motors etc. Microcontroller programmed in ‘C’ with communications to PC via fast serial RS232 or USB

9. Control and Data Capture PC High level connection to user PCs via a server program connected to the Internet Connection to Database server also via Internet but server for this task in on the database server PC Connections to embedded system, distributed or otherwise, would probably use ‘C’

10. Database Server PC Communicates over the Internet to the Control and Data Capture PC, no User PC can access this directly All database queries are sent from the control and Data Capture PC and results are returned to the Data Capture PC The Control and Data Capture PC receives requests for information from User PCs and formulates them correctly for the Database Server PC Results from Database Server PC are returned correctly formulated to the User PC by the Control and Data Capture PC

11. Control and Data Capture PC Tasks

12. Control and Data Capture PC Task 1

13. Software for task 1 The overall program would typically be written in something like PERL or PHP These are “glue” languages that are often used to create applications with many different elements PERL has modules to send SMS text messages, communicate with the internet and call system programs including those written in ‘C’. A user written task in ‘C’ could control and collect data Internet module could be used to update database after formatting data for database use

14. Data Collection and Control The code for this task is now totally separate and can be written using the most appropriate programming techniques The distributed embedded system could use FPGAs and even single board Computers if the task required that kind of processing power. In the case of a single board computer the interface would via ethernet

15. Software for task 2

16. Software for Task 2 The user PC would send request as data in a form to a PERL CGI file in the Control and Data Capture PC server This request would be coded as a Database query and sent using the web interface module in PERL to the database server The result from the database server, via the PERL web interface, would be coded as an answer for the User and sent as a reply to User PC from the PERL CGI file in the Control and Data Capture PC server The CGI file would terminate and a new execution would begin when another user request was received by the Control and Data Capture PC server

17. FORM Example The following form example runs as a web page and asks the user for a name. This is put in the variable user_name and sent with the name input to the CGI file that is given as the action for the form. The method called post is describing how the answers from the form have been encoded This method of data entry can be generated by the PERL web interface module so that the same CGI type files can be used for this data entry as well

18. A very simple form A VERY SIMPLE FORM Please enter name:

19. FORM as seen in browser

20. CGI FORM DECODE in PERL A PERL module called CGI is used to decode the post encoding method The value from the FORM variable user_name is stored in a PERL variable $user_name An HTML web page is generated by PERL print statements so that it can be displayed by a web browser The text message to be sent has the variable in it, and that is substituted by PERL as the text is sent to the Internet so it appears in the user message on the screen. These techniques are used in the PERL CGI of Task 2 to include the Database results in the message going back to the user PC

21. #!/usr/bin/perl # cgi program to process a very simple form use CGI; $foo = new CGI; $user_name = $foo->param('user_name'); #get name from form print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; #output as an HTML file print " \n"; print " Response to simple_form input \n"; print " \n"; print " Hello $user_name, welcome to an ELEC2630 Example! \n"; print " \n";

22. RESPONSE as seen in browser

23. User Interface Software The code called by the user is in the form of CGI programs The CGI code can be written to process user requests into queries for the database and return the data in the format that the user requires

24. Conclusions The integration of web access with embedded systems takes many forms and is a growth area at the moment This trend is helped by the increasing complexity of embedded devices, such as micro-controllers, made posible by advances in semiconductor technologies Many of the PCs in these systems would be using the LINUX operating system. The server would be APACHE. The Database is often MySQL and the “glue” language PERL or PHP. This is now so common that such a system is called a LAMP system for Linux Apache MySQL Perl or Php

25. PERL example of Web Use

26. Screen Display Result from CGI

27. END OF PRESENTATION