2. We can report people’s words: Direct speech Indirect Speech

3. SO… What is Direct Speech? To report the exact words someone used by using quotations. What is Indirect Speech? Is the exact meaning of what someone said, but no exact words. We don’t use quotations. Direct Speech Indirect Speech He said, “I am Ted”He said (that) he was Ted. He said to me, “ I am Ted”He said to me (that) he was Ted He told me,” I am Ted”He told me (that) he was Ted

4. Tenses change when Case 1: For out-date reporting someone Example: I like Shakespeare a lot he said that he liked Shakespeare a lot Case 2:Untrue statements He said that he was coming, but it is too late now Tenses might change when Case 3: For up date reporting someone or generalizations or facts of nature Example: The sun sets in the west, he said He said that the sun sets/set in the west Tenses don’t change Case 4: When the introductory verb is in simple present, future, Present Perfect Example: The singer says, “I enjoy cycling” The singer says that she enjoys cycling

5.  We can use tell or say in both direct or indirect speech SAYTELL It is used in Indirect and direct speech Is always followed by a Personal objectis used with or without a personal object Expression: Greetings, something, nothing, one’s prayers, so, a few words Expressions: The truth, a lie, secrets, a story, the time, The difference, sb’s name, sb the way, one from another, one’s fortune.

6. StatementsModalsIf ConditionalsQuestions Command/ Request/ Suggestion

7. Direct SpeechIndirect Speech Present simple “I want to go to bed”, he said Simple Past He said, (that) he wanted to go to bed Present Continuous “She is feeding the baby”, she said Past Continuous She said ( that) she was feeding the baby Present Perfect “ I’ve bought a new dress “, she said Past perfect She said (that) she had bought a new dress Past simple “ I finished work early”, he said Past simple or past perfect Alex said (that) he (had) finished work early Past Continuous “I was planning to call you later”, she said Past continuous or past perfect continuous She said (that) she was planning/had been planning to call her later. Future (will) “ I’ll talk to you tomorrow”, she said Conditional (would) She said (that) she would talk to me the next day

8.  Pronouns, adjectives, possessive change according to the meaning Example:  The past perfect remains the same  Certain words and time expressions change according to the meaning Direct SpeechIndirect Speech Sam said, ‘ I am leaving for Germany’Sam said, he was leaving for Germany Direct SpeechIndirect Speech NowThen Today, tonightThat day, that night yesterdayThe day before/previous tomorrowThe next / following day This weekThat week This/theseThat/those Direct SpeechIndirect Speech Last weekThe week before /previous Next weekThe week after/the following week Two days agoTwo days before HereThere comego

9. Adjectives: Direct Speech Indirect Speech “This cake is delicious” Pam told me “That cake is delicious” Pam told me Those cakes are delicious” Pam told me These cakes are delicious” Pam told me Pam told me (that) that cake was delicious Pam told me (that) those cakes were delicious Pronouns: Direct Speech Indirect Speech “This is a brilliant idea”, Debbie said He said, “ those are the men who helped me. Debbie said (that)it was a brilliant idea He said they were the men who had helped him

10.  Certain modal verbs change in reported speech as follows: MODALS DIRECT SPEECH MODALS INDIRECT SPEECH Will/shall She said,” I ‘ll have some tea” Would She said (that) she would have some tea May He said” they may come home” Might He said (that) they might go or come home Can She said “ She can type fast Could She said ( that) she could type fast Shall ( for advice) He said “ what shall I tell her?” Should He asked what he should tell her Must He said you must stay in Must /had to He said (that) I must/had to stay in He said “ she must be exhaustedShe said ( that) she must be exhausted

11.  Reported questions introductory verbs are ask, inquire, wonder, or the expression “want to know”. wh-word  Keep the direct wh-word in the reported question. yes/no  Change the auxiliaries or modal in a yes/no question for: if or whether  Questions reported verbs are affirmative Polite words such as please, well, oh are omitted

12.  CAN YOU HOLD THE DOOR FOR ME PLEASE?’ the man asked. The man asked if /whether I could hold the door for him.  WHERE ARE YOU GOING?”, asked Sam. Sam asked her where she was going. INCORRECT Sam asked her where was she going INCORRECT

13. Direct SpeechIndirect Speech Help me, please,’Jean said to Tom Please, please, don’t call the police’, he said to Colin Jean asked Tom to help her He begged Colin not to call the police  Structure of Commands  Structure of Commands: Tell+Sb+(not)+To infinitive  Structure of suggestions Verb suggest+ ing form/that sb (should) + bare infinite  Structure of Requests: Ask or beg+ sb+(not)+to infinitive Direct SpeechIndirect Speech “Put the gun down”, he said to him “Don’t look down”, he said to us He ordered him to put the gun down He told us not to look down. Direct SpeechIndirect Speech Let’s go outside, ‘ I said to them We can/could go outside’, I said to them I suggested going /that we should go outside.

14. INTRODUCTORY VERB DIRECT SPEECHINDIRECT SPEECH + to inf Agree Offer Promise Refuse *threaten Yes, I’ll give you a lift ‘Shall I carry the boxes? I promise I’ll help you’ No, I won’t buy a car. Stop talking or I’ll send you out She agreed to give me a lift He offered to carry the boxes He promised to help me She refused to buy me a car He threatened to send me out I f I didn’t stop talking +sb+to inf Advise Ask beg Command Invite Order Remind warn You should see a doctor Could you do something for me? Please, please call the police Drop you weapons Will you come to my party Get out of the house Don’t forget to write to Paul Don’t go near the oven He advised me to see a doctor. She asked me to do something for her She begged me to call the police He commanded them to drop their weapons She invited me to go to her party She ordered me to get out of the house She reminded me to write to Paul She warned me not to go near the oven

15. INTRODUCTORY VERB DIRECT SPEECHINDIRECT SPEECH Admit (to) + inf Accused sb of Apologize for Apologize for Boast about /of Complain to sb of Deny Insist on Suggest Yes, I stole the plants You lied to me I’ m sorry I shouted at you I’m the cleverest of all I have a headache I didn’t take the bag You must do you work Let’s visit Jane He admitted to stealing/ having stolen the plants She accused me of lying/having lied to her He apologized for shouting /having shouted at me He boasted about being the cleverest of all He complained to me about having a headache He denied taking/ having taken the bag She insisted on me /my doing my work She suggested visiting Jane Complain +that DenyExplainExclaim/remarkPromisesuggest You’re always late I didn’t take the money It’s a difficult situation What a beautiful baby he is I promise I’ll call you You’d better go home She complained that I was always late She denied that she had taken the money He explained that it was a difficult situation She exclaimed/remarked that he was a beautiful baby She promised that she would call me He suggested that I ( should )go home

16. 1. He asked me to play my music............ 2. He told me to come after midnight............ 3. She said to drink at least six glasses............ 4. He said not to be late for practice again............ 5. She asked me to pick up the kids after school............ 6. He told me to bring a dictionary tomorrow............ 7. He asked me not to tell anyone about his new girlfriend............ Think about another request each person might make? Example: A: A doctor might also ordered a patient to get more exercise B : A doctor might advice avoiding eating greasy foods a.My doctor b.My coach c.My friend d.My neighbor e.My mother f.My wife g.My teacher

17. 1. Donna: “I have to baby sit my nephew that night” 2. William and Brigitte: “we’re going out of town for the weekend” 3. Mary:” I’ve been invited to a wedding on Saturday “ 4. James: “ I promised to help Dennis move” 5. Anita: “ I can’t come because I have the flu” 6. Mark : “ I’ll be studying for a test all weekend 7. Eva and Randall: We have to pick someone up at the airport that evening 8. David: “ I may have to work late on Saturday night”