2. 1. What did France do when Germany ran out of $ for reparation payments? 2. What was the Dawes Plan? 3. What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact? 4. List three causes of the Great Depression. 5. How did the US response to the Depression negatively affect other countries? 6. John Maynard Keynes believed that unemployment was caused by what? 7. Give one example of how FDR’s New Deal helped Americans during the Great Depression.

3. 1. Occupied Ruhr Valley and controlled mining operations 2. Big US loan to Germany 3. Renounced war as a form of national policy 4. Uneven distribution of wealth, overproduction of agriculture, people defaulting on loans 5. Imposed tariffs that deterred other countries from trading with the US 6. Lack of demand 7. Social security, unemployment insurance, old age pensions, welfare, works progress administration

4. Homework – Read pages 563 – 565, New Era in the USSR. Outline everything on ONE PAGE. Stop at one page no matter what.

5.  Fascism = strong loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader.  Fascists promised to fix the economy, punish those responsible for hard times and restore national pride.  Liked strong/harsh dictators CommunistsFascists -Internationalists -Want classless society -Put state ahead of individual -Nationalists -Like rich and poor - put state ahead of individual

7.  Comes to power in Italy  Italians were mad that they didn’t get more land after WWI  Mussolini promised solutions: fix economy, criticized Italy’s government  30,000 fascists march on Rome, King gave his power over to Mussolini

9.  Benito Mussolini

10.  Il Duce = “The Leader”  Abolished democracy and jailed anyone who didn’t support him  Used secret police (OVRA) and censored the media to only promote fascist ideas  Used propaganda  Outlawed strikes

11.  Benito Mussolini & Adolf Hitler  Complete Wackos

12.  Born in Austria, 1889  Joined NAZI party in 1920  Hated Treaty of Versailles was unfair & thought Communism was dangerous  Sent to jail after trying to seize power from Weimar Republic.  While in jail, wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) ◦ German nationalism ◦ Anti-Semitism ◦ Anti-communism

14.  Wanted more “lebensraum” (living space) for Germans  Blonde and blue-eyed people = superior and members of the Aryan race  Hitler was ignored until the Americans stopped giving Germany $ and the German economy collapsed  30% of the German workforce unemployed by 1932.  Desperate people look to Hitler for help.

15.  Hitler slowly deprived Jews of all of their rights

16.  Hitler was appointed to “chancellor” of Germany legally  Convinced everyone to give him dictatorial control for four years  Turned Germany into a totalitarian state ◦ SS = protection squad developed solely to protect Hitler, directed by Heinrich Himmler ◦ Gestapo = Hitler’s secret police ◦ Scared Germans into total obedience ◦ Did manage to fix the economy

17.  Members of the German Gestapo arrested and im- prisoned after WWII

19.  Hitler wanted control over everything  Used propaganda; controlled press, radio, literature, film and paintings to promote Nazism  Greatly influenced by Social Darwinism  By the early 1930s, had convinced most that Jews were responsible for all of the country’s problems