1. Georgia between World Wars:
1919 to 1941

2. GPS SS8H8a
Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia.

3. The Georgian Economy in 1920s
Although most of the country enjoyed great prosperity throughout the 1920s, Georgia and a number southern states (which were still predominantly farming states) suffered due to:
Boll weevil
Droughts
Lost of farms
Exodus of workers

4. 1. Boll weevil ¼ inch long insect
Larvae feed off bolls of the cotton plant (fibers)
Moved from Mexico into Georgia in 1915

5. What happened?
Makes cotton plant useless
Immediate effect?
Thousands of acres of cotton field destroyed.
Long Term effects?
Prices of cotton drops to only 15 cents per pound
The failing Cotton harvest (the major crop of the South) negative effects on other parts of economy

6. 2. Drought of 1924
What happened? Parched and sun-baked fields destroy cotton and other crops
Immediate effect? Farmers lost income due to lost of crops
Long term effects? Farmers either lost farms or became deeper in debt

7. 3. Lost of Farms What Happened?
Crop failures and debts caused many small farms to fail
Immediate effect?
60,000 farms in operation were lost in 1920s
Long-term effect?
When farms failed, banks also lost money
Many farm-related businesses (stores, equipment dealers, repairmen) closed

8. Exodus of Farm Workers or the “Great Migration”

10. What happened?
Over 375,000 farm workers left Georgia between 1920 to 1925.
Workers, mostly Blacks who left due to racial discrimination
Immediate Effects?
Blacks had opportunities for better paying jobs, education, health care, and civil rights in the North
Long-term Effects?
Blacks still faced segregation, unequal pay, hostile competition, and over-crowded cities

11. GPS SS8H8b
Explain the economic factors of the Great Depression.

12. The Great Depression was:
From October 1929 to 1940 (World War II)
Started on “Black Tuesday” when the New York Stock Market crashed. (Value of stocks fell $40 billion)
{U.S. Steel $262 stocks dropped to $22, and Montgomery Ward fell from $138 to $4 a share}
By 1932, 13 million (or 1 out of 4) Americans were unemployed
Over 9,000 banks failed and millions lost their savings and cash

13. 5. People left homeless to live in “Hoovervilles” or wooden and cardboard shacks
6. “Soup Kitchens” and “bread lines” feed the needy
Education and health care for children suffered and most went hungry everyday and had no shoes for their feet.

14. Cause and Effect of The Great Depression
Stock Market
Speculation
Effect:
Prices of stock rose higher than they were really worth

15. Effect:
People borrowed (or given loans) more money than they could afford to repay loans.
Cause #2
Over-borrowing

16. Cause #3
Personal Debt
Effect:
Americans bought too much “beyond their means.” Remained in debt when laid off and had to sell belongings.

17. Effect:
Invested too much in stock market and lost money. “Runs on Banks”
Banks could not cover deposits
Cause #4
Unwise Bank Practices

18. Effect:
The economy will work itself out of the depression—YET it only created more problems
Cause #5
Laissez-faire attitude of Government

19. Effect:
Companies produce more than they could sell; laid off workers to get rid of surplus
Cause #6
Industrial Overproduction

20. Effect:
Other countries not be able to buy American goods and pay off wartime debts.
Cause #7
High Tariffs

21. Effect:
Droughts and overproduction caused prices to drop. Farmers could not pay off debts or buy goods. Farm communities in their own “depression”
Cause #8
Depressed Agricultural Production

22. GPS SS8H8d
Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Acts, rural electrification, and Social Security.

23. Franklin D. Roosevelt and The New Deal
During Roosevelt first “100 Days” as president in 1933, he introduced 15 programs to Congress and passed easily:
1. provide relief to the needy
2. economic recovery and create jobs
3. Reform financial system

24. Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC) Provided jobs for young men to build projects in national parks
Each young man earned $30 per month and send most of it home to their families
In Georgia, Kennesaw Mountain National Park and Roosevelt State Park;

25. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
1st Act in to help farmers with low- priced crops and overproduction
*provide farmers “subsidies” to produce less, thus higher prices and higher
income
2nd Act in 1935—Rewarded farmers who practiced good conservation methods

26. Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
Roosevelt’s Warm Springs cottage had electricity but his neighbors did not. Roosevelt proposed the REA bill.
$300 million given extend power lines in rural areas and buy cheaper electricity
Higher number of farmers in Georgia now had electric water pumps, lights in the homes, milking machines, and household appliances.

27. Social Security Act of 1935
Insured citizens over the age of retirement income
Provided workers with unemployment compensation
Provided assistance to citizens too disable to work, plus assistance for their spouse and children

28. Georgia Governors during the FDR Years (1932 to 1945)
SS8H8c Discuss the impact of the political career of Eugene Talmadge
SS8H9b Evaluate the importance of Richard Russell
SS8H10c Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall

29. Richard Russell (1931 to 1932) View on New Deal and FDR:
Strong supporter of New Deal; Persuaded FDR to start programs beneficial to GA

30. Race Relations:
Believed in segregation but spoke out against violence used towards Blacks
Accomplishments:
*Reorganization Act of government
*Eased some financial problems caused by Great Depression
*Served in Senate for 38 years and brought military contract to GA

31. Eugene Talmadge (1933 to 1936; 1941 to 1942)
Views on New Deal and FDR:
*Disliked federal intervention and New Deal Programs

32. *Considered a conservative white supremacy.
Race Relations:
*Considered a conservative white supremacy.
Accomplishments:
*Reduced property taxes, utility rates, and state fees
*Large support from rural voters
*Only GA governor elected four times

33. Ed Rivers (1937 to 1940) Views on New Deal and FDR:
Big supporter of New Deal Programs in GA

34. Race Relations:
Supported programs to help out both poor whites and blacks
Accomplishments:
*Health services, old age pensions, raises for teachers,
*Expanded electrical services to rural area
*Unemployment compensation

35. Ellis Arnall (1943 to 1946) Views on New Deal and FDR:
Strong supporter for Roosevelt's war time policies

36. Race Relations:
Abolished poll tax and white primary
(100,000 blacks voted in 1946 GA primary)
Accomplishments:
Created boards to monitor Board of Regents and Prison system
*Supported GA to be first state to allow 18 year olds to vote
* first governor to serve four-year term