1. MUST HAVE / COULDN’T HAVE examples practice MAY/MIGHT/COULD HAVE examples practice

2. He may have lost his keys. She might have slept in. They could have forgotten. I may have been to hasty. He might have had car trouble. She could have been pulled over. Examples PAST MODALS FOR SPECULATION: May/might/could have 16 MUST HAVE / COULDN’T HAVE examples practice MAY/MIGHT/COULD HAVE examples practice

3. Example: Students may have skipped class. Use may have, might have, could have to make sentences of speculation. Practice students primitive lose track of get stuck PAST MODALS FOR SPECULATION: May/might/could have 16 MUST HAVE / COULDN’T HAVE examples practice MAY/MIGHT/COULD HAVE examples practice

4. They must have overslept again. We couldn’t have missed it. Experts must have known about that. She must have lost track of the time again. Aliens couldn’t have made the Nazca Lines. They must not have tried my special goulash. Examples PAST MODALS FOR SPECULATION: Must have/couldn’t have 16 MUST HAVE / COULDN’T HAVE examples practice MAY/MIGHT/COULD HAVE examples practice

5. Practice Example: Primitive people must have had difficult lives. Use must have or couldn’t have to make sentences of speculation. primitive launch invite forget PAST MODALS FOR SPECULATION: Must have/couldn’t have 16 MUST HAVE / COULDN’T HAVE examples practice MAY/MIGHT/COULD HAVE examples practice