1. Enabling Single-Site On-Net Calling
Configuring Cisco Unified Communications Manager Call Routing Components
Enabling Single-Site On-Net Calling

2. Outline Endpoint Addressing
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Call Routing Overview
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Digit Analysis
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Path Selection
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Path Selection Configuration
Special Call Routing Features

3. Endpoint Addressing

4. Endpoint Addressing Characteristics
Reachability of internal destinations is provided by assigning directory numbers
Directory numbers are assigned to endpoints (phones, fax machines, etc.) and applications (voice mail systems, auto attendant, etc.)
The number of extensions required generally determines the length of directory number digits
DID numbers for inbound PSTN calls are mapped to internal directory numbers
Cisco Unified CM
Cisco Unity
Phone numbers
assigned to endpoints
1001
1002
1003
1099
7001

5. Endpoint Dialing
On-Net Dialing: Calls that originate and terminate on the same telephony network (e.g., internal IP phone to IP phone calls within the same cluster)
Off-Net Dialing: Calls that originate from a telephony network and terminate on a different telephony network (e.g., IP phone to PSTN calls)
Abbreviated Dialing: Use of internal number to reach a PSTN phone. Unified CM maps the abbreviated number to full PSTN number
PSTN
2001
2002
2003
2004
dials 4001

6. Endpoint Dialing Example
On-net
4001
4002
Abbreviated
Off-net
Site 2 HQ
Site 1
dials 4001
PSTN
IP WAN
dials
3001
3002
2001
2002
2003
dials 3001

7. Uniform On-Net Dial Plan Example
Range
Use
DID Ranges
Non-DID Ranges
0XXX
Excluded: 0 is used as Off-Net access code
1XXX
Site A extensions
XXX
N/A
2XXX
Site B extensions
XXX
3XXX
Site C extensions XX
3[1-9]XX
4[0-4]XX
Site D extensions
[0-4]XX
4[5-9]XX
Site E extensions
[5-9]XX
5XXX
XXX
6XXX
Site F extensions
[0-8]XX
69XX
7XXX
Future
8XXX
9XXX
Excluded: 9 is used as Off-Net access code

8. Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Call Routing Overview

9. Call Routing Types Routing Type Routing Component and Characteristics
Intrasite
Calls within a single site (on-net)
Uses assigned directory numbers to route calls internally
Directory numbers usually have uniform length
Intersite
Calls between sites:
On-net: Uses internal directory numbers
Off-net: Uses route patterns to send calls to other site through PSTN gateway; if abbreviated dialing is used, internal number has to be translated to PSTN number first
PSTN
Calls to PSTN (off-net)
Uses route patterns to send calls to PSTN destinations

10. Call Routing Types Example HQ 3
PSTN call from 2002 to
Site 1
PSTN
IP WAN
3001
3002
Route
Destination
2001
HQ – Phone1
2002
HQ – Phone2
2003
HQ – Phone3
3XXX
Site 1
9.!
PSTN 2
Intersite call from 2003 to 3001
2001
2002
2003 1
Intrasite call from 2001 to 2002 2 1 3

11. Call Routing Table Entries (Call Routing Targets)
Routing Component
Description
Directory Numbers
Numbers assigned to all endpoints and applications; used for internal routing within a cluster
Translation Pattern
Used to translate a dialed number and then look up the translated number in the call routing table again
Route Pattern
Used to route calls to off-net destinations (via a gateway) or to other Unified CM clusters (via a trunk)
Hunt Pilot
Used to route calls to hunt group members based on a distribution algorithm (longest-idle, circular, etc)
Call Park Numbers
Allows placing a call on hold to a number and retrieving back the call from other phone by dialing the number
Meet-Me Numbers
Allows a conference call initiator to set up a conference call and attendees to join the conference by dialing the conference number

12. Sources of Call Routing Requests (Entities Requiring Call Routing Table Lookup)
Routing Component
Description
IP Phones
A number dialed by an IP phone is looked up in the routing table.
Trunks
A call request received through a trunk is looked up in the routing table.
Gateways
A call request received from a gateway is looked up in the call routing table.
Translation Patterns
After a translation pattern was best matched (as a target of a call routing table lookup), the transformed number is looked up again in the call routing table. The entity that generates this lookup is the translation pattern.
Voice Mail Ports
A voice mail system can be configured to allow calling other extensions or PSTN numbers (e.g., the mobile phone of an employee). In these cases, the call routing request is received from the voice mail port of Unified CM.

13. Route Pattern: Commonly Used Wildcards
Description x
Single digit (0–9, *, #) @
North American Numbering Plan !
One or more digits (0–9)
[x-y]
Generic range notation
[^x-y]
Exclusion range notation .
Terminates access code #
Terminates interdigit timeout
<wildcard>?
Matches zero or more occurrences of any digit that matches the previous wildcard
<wildcard>+
Matches one or more occurrences of any digit that matches the previous wildcard

14. Route Pattern Examples
Result
1234
Matches 1234
1*1x
Matches numbers from 1*10 to 1*19
12xx
Matches numbers from 1200 to 1299
13[25-8]6
Matches 1326, 1356, 1366, 1376, 1386
13[^3-9]6
Matches 1306, 1316, 1326, 13*6, 13#6
13!#
Matches any number that begins with 13, is followed by one or more digits, and ends with #; 135# and 13579# are example matches

15. Cisco Unified Communications Manager Call Routing Logic
Unified CM uses closest-match logic to select the best pattern.
When multiple matching patterns are present, the best pattern is selected based on:
It matches the dialed string.
AND
It matches the fewest strings other than the dialed string.
Unified CM Call Routing Logic Example
1XXX
Gateways
User A dials
“1200”
12XX
Pool of IP Phones
User B dials
“1212”
121X
IP Phones
User C dials
“1234”
1234

16. Digit-by-Digit Analysis
1000
Route Patterns
Dialed Digits
1XXX
10XX
List Potential Matches
<none>
List Potential Matches 1
List Potential Matches
List Potential Matches 1
List Current Match
1001
Call Setup

17. Digit Collection Example
User dial string:
1111
Match!
1111
121X
Does not match
1[23]XX
Does not match
131
Does not match
Cisco Unified CM actions:
No other patterns could
match; extend call.
13[0-4]X
Does not match
13!
Does not match

18. Closest Match Routing Example
User dial string:
1111
Does not match
1211
121X
Match!
1[23]XX
Match!
Matches 10 digit strings
131
Does not match
Select as closest match
13[0-4]X
Does not match
13!
Does not match
Matches 100 digit strings

19. Interdigit Timeout Example
User dial string:
1111
Does not match
1311<timeout>
121X
Does not match
1[23]XX
Match!
Matches 100 digit strings
131
Does not match
13[0-4]X
Match!
Matches 10 digit strings
Select as closest match
13!
Match!
Matches 8
digit strings

20. Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Digit Analysis

21. Cisco Unified Communications Manager Addressing Method
Device
Signaling Protocol
Addressing Method
IP Phone
SCCP
Digit-by-digit
SIP
En-bloc
KPML
SIP dial rules
Gateway
MGCP/SIP/H.323
Overlap sending and receiving (ISDN PRI only)
Trunk
SIP, H.323
Overlap sending and receiving

22. User Input on SCCP Phones
SCCP Phones report every input event (off-hook, on-hook, each digit dialed, etc.) to Unified CM immediately.
Unified CM analyzes phone input digit-by-digit against configured dial plan and responds with feedback (dial tones, ring back, reorder tone, etc.).
No dial plan information at the IP phone.
SCCP message sent with each user action
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
Off-hook, digit 1, digit 0, digit0, digit 0
Any phone model running SCCP.
Dial tone on/off, screen update. etc.
Dialing actions:
Signaling

23. User Input on SIP Phones
Type A SIP phones
Cisco Unified IP phones 7905, 7912, 7940, and 7960
Do not support KPML
Type B SIP phones
Cisco Unified IP phones 7911, 7941, 7961, 7970, and 7971
Support KPML
SIP dial rules can be configured on both phone types

24. User Input on Type A SIP Phones – No SIP Dial Rules Configured on the Phone
Phone accumulates all user input events until # or Dial softkey is pressed (similar to with cell phones)
Phone will send SIP INVITE message with complete dialed digits (en-bloc)
Unified CM analyzes the full dialed digits against configured dial plan
SIP INVITE message sent when user presses the Dial key
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
“call for 1000”
Existing SIP phone such as 7940, 7960
Call in progress, call connected, call denied, etc.
Dialing actions: Dial
Signaling

25. User Input on Type A SIP Phones – SIP Dial Rules Configured on the Phone
SIP dial rules enable phone to recognize patterns dialed by users
If pattern matches, SIP INVITE will be sent immediately without requiring user to press # or Dial softkey
The phone below is configured to immediately recognize all four-digit patterns beginning with 1 (timeout value of 0 for 1…)
SIP INVITE message sent when pattern is recognized
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
“call for 1000”
Existing SIP phone such as 7940, 7960
Call in progress, call connected, call denied, etc.
Dialing actions: Dial Pattern 1… Timeout 0
Signaling

26. User Input on Type B SIP Phones – No SIP Dial Rules Configured on the Phone
Based on KPML to report user key presses, every user key press triggers a SIP NOTIFY message to Unified CM
Very similar behavior to phones running SCCP
No Dial softkey to indicate the end of user input
KPML events reported in SIP NOTIFY messages
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
Off-hook, digit 1, digit 0, digit 0 , digit 0,
SIP enhanced phone such as 7971
Call in progress, call connected, call denied, etc.
Dialing actions: Dial
Signaling

27. User Input on Type B SIP Phones – SIP Dial Rules Configured on the Phone
Combination of KPML and SIP dial rules will be used
Dial rules are processed first
Once dial rule is matched, appropriate digits are sent en-bloc
If additional digits are required, KPML is used
Additional digits are sent one-by-one using KPML
SIP INVITE message sent when pattern is recognized
Dial Plan
(digit analysis)
“call for 1000”
SIP enhanced phone such as 7971
Call in progress, call connected, call denied, etc.
Dialing actions: Dial Pattern 1… Timeout 0
Signaling

28. Dial Rules and KPML Interworking
Yes
Is KPML Supported?
Yes
Are SIP Dial Rules Defined?
Send En-bloc INVITE No No
Were Enough Digits Received?
Are SIP Dial Rules Defined?
Yes
Yes
Call Is Routed
Send En-Bloc INVITE No No
SUBSCRIBE To KPML
User Must Press “Dial” Softkey
Reorder Tone
Were Enough Digits Received? No
Yes

29. Gateway Overlap Sending and Receiving
Unified CM collects digits and immediately passes them on to the PSTN one-by-one as they are dialed.
Very useful for simplifying variable-length PSTN dial patterns (just need a single route pattern for all PSTN calls).
Configured through route pattern configuration.
Overlap Receiving
Unified CM receives the dialed digits one-by-one from a PRI PSTN gateway.
Configured globally through Unified CM service parameter.

30. Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Path Selection

31. Path Selection Path selection is an essential dial plan element.
After call routing decision is done, where should the call be sent to?
Chooses the best path:
Which device to use (gateways, trunks, etc.)?
Backup path available if first choice not available?

32. Path Selection Example
Gatekeeper
San Jose 1 GK
IP WAN
PSTN
User dials
Routers/Gateways 2
1001
For off-net calls, a route pattern must be configured on Unified CM
In above example, to reach , use:
IP WAN through an ICT as priority path.
If WAN not available, try the second path through PSTN.

33. Path Selection Configuration Elements in Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Route pattern:
Route
Pattern
Matches dialed number for external calls
Performs digit manipulation (optional)
Points to a route list for routing
Route
List
Route list:
First level of path selection
Performs digit manipulation
Points to prioritized route group(s)
First
Choice
Second
Choice
Route
Group
Route
Group
Route group:
Configuration Order
Second level of path selection
Points to the actual device(s)
Second Choice
First Choice GK
Devices:
IP WAN
PSTN
Gateways (H.323, MGCP)
Trunks (SIP, H.323)

34. Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Path Selection Configuration

35. Path Selection Configuration Process
Add devices (gateways and trunks).
Build route groups from available devices.
Build route lists from available route groups.
Build route patterns pointing to route lists.

36. Route Group Configuration
A route group is a list of devices that share the same requirements for digit manipulation (e.g., multiple PSTN gateways).
User dials
Route Pattern
XXX
GW 1
Circular (round-robin) or top down (priority-based) distribution algorithm can be configured
Gateway pulls configuration file and applies MGCP configuration
PSTN
Route List
Route Group
GW 2

37. Route Group Configuration
Select distribution algorithm
Add gateways and trunks
to route group
Order route group members (relevant if distribution algorithm top down is selected)

38. Route List Configuration
A route list is a prioritized list of route groups.
User dials
Trunk
Route Pattern
XXX
Route Group
IP WAN IP
First
Choice
Route List
GW1
Second
Choice
PSTN
Route Group
PSTN
GW2

39. Route List Configuration
Add route groups to route list
Order route list members (first entry has highest priority)

40. Digit Manipulation Requirements with Path Selection
User dials
7-Digit Intersite Dialing
Route
Pattern: 5264XXX
Secondary Voice Path: PSTN
Prepend “1408” and send to PSTN
PSTN
Philadelphia
San Jose
(215) 555-1xxx
5-Digit Internal Dialing GK
(408) 526-4xxx
5-Digit Internal Dialing
IP WAN
Primary Voice Path: Intercluster Trunk
Strip “52” and deliver
64000 to remote Cisco Unified CM

41. Special Call Routing Features

42. Wildcard
Macro function that expands into a series of route patterns
Represents the entire national numbering plan for a certain country
Example, configuring a route pattern adds 166 individual NANP route patterns to Unified CM database
It is possible to modify and for other country numbering plan
Can be used with route filters to block certain components of the number

43. Route Filters
Used only route pattern to block certain patterns (e.g., block all calls, etc.) defined by clauses
Not recommended for large deployments; use explicit route patterns rather wildcard
Match clauses are based on tag operators and values
Example, Match all NANP dialed numbers that include area code 408 (e.g., )
Route pattern:
Route filter: IF AREA-CODE = 408
Example: Match all NANP dialed numbers that include the selection of a long-distance carrier (e.g., )
Route filter: IF TRANSIT-NETWORK EXISTS

44. The ! Wildcard Stands for one or more digits
Used for variable-length route patterns (e.g., some international calls)
Subject to T302 timer (post-dial delay)
15 seconds by default
T302 timer can be configured (typically reduced):
Service Parameter > Call Manager > Clusterwide parameters (Device – General)
Users can indicate end of dialing by pressing #
Requires an identical route pattern with # wildcard at the end
Different behavior compared to Cisco IOS dial peers
In Unified CM, # is seen as part of dialed string (therefore, if used, it does not match route pattern without #)

45. Urgent Priority Configured under Route Pattern configuration
Used to force immediate routing as soon as match is detected – even if other, longer route patterns are potential matches
Used with emergency number route patterns
Effectively excludes the urgent pattern from a longer route pattern range
Translation patterns always have urgent priority

46. Blocked Patterns
A route pattern can be configured for either “Allow” or “Block”.
Block patterns will prevent calls to the pattern cluster-wide.
The same can be configured on translation patterns.

47. Call Classification Classify a call as on-net or off-net
Configured on route patterns for outgoing calls and devices (trunks and gateways) for incoming calls
“Allow device override” setting uses the classification of the used device on outgoing calls (rather than route pattern classification)
Used by several features:
Blocking off-net to off-net transfers (toll-fraud prevention)
Drop conference when no on-net party remains
Call forward external versus call forward internal

48. Summary
A uniform on-net dial plan provides unique endpoint addressing by fixed-length directory numbers.
Call routing is when Unified CM processes incoming call requests by looking up the dialed number in its call routing table.
Unified CM can receive dialed digits one-by-one or en bloc.
Unified CM allows multiple, prioritized paths to be selected for a given route pattern.
Route lists, route groups, and devices are configured to implement path selection.
Unified CM configuration includes special call routing features such as numbering plans and route filters, a wildcard for variable length numbers, blocked patterns, patterns with urgent priority, and classification of calls.