1. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information Technology has affected physical activity at all levels from low level recreational activities to high level competitive sports e.g. bike helmets, walking boots. (recreational) – ski suits for ski racing (competitive). If technology can enhance performance in competitive terms, then that technology should be available to all: (the application of technology to sports equipment is by no means universal). There are implications here in terms of the costs of technological development and the costs of the purchases of these new developments.

2. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information It is important that sports technology does not overtake competitors’ prowess and that it is the ability, skill, dedication and hard work that are the key factors which determine success as opposed to technological development e.g. SWIMMING – Rebecca Adlington refused to wear the new 100% polyurethane swimsuits which she likened to “technological doping”. Since February 2009, 135 swimming world records have been broken by swimmers wearing the new Adidas Hydrofoil and Jaked swim costumes. However, the International Body for controlling swimming has decided to forbid the wearing of these suits as from 2010, and limit the amount of polyurethane used to 59%.

3. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information Governing Bodies and Sports Administrators have responsibilities to see that any technological developments are safe, within rules and ensure parity within competition.

4. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY Sports people are always trying to improve their performances They look for every advantage they can find Better fitness, healthier food, more practice might give an edge over opponents ClothingEquipmentMaterials

5. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information However, sometimes they can get that edge with better equipment In the past, most sports equipment was made from wood, leather and other materials Today new materials and designs have improved sports equipment, these materials are lighter, stronger and more flexible and are designed to enhance performance and improve safety e.g. fibreglass, aluminium, carbon fibre, Kevlar, Teflon, nylon, titanium, polyurethane

6. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information Vaulter’s feet – vaulting spikes – leather or mechanical uppers – built up heel which enhances upright running style needed for vaulting – 7 or 9 spike plate for traction and take off, rubber in heel (performance) Synthetic (rubberised) Run-up. (All weather / traction) Pole – carbon fibre (performance) Cross bar fibre glass with rubber ends (safety) Landing area: high density polyurethane foam covered with non- tearing and non- abrasive synthetic cover (safety)

7. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information EXAMPES OF HIGHLY TECHNICAL PRODUCT MATERIAL AND DESIGN NETBALL -PLC Rubber Shell construction for better performance and durability -4 PLY lining with high performance polyester for superior bounce and shape retention -embossed pimple grip that travels in 3 directions, working together to provide optimal grip for both passing and catching -aerodynamically balanced bladder provides a smoother flight path and a more stable entry during the catching phase -high grade latex bladder provides outstanding air retention

8. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information EXAMPES OF HIGHLY TECHNICAL PRODUCT MATERIAL AND DESIGN TENNIS RACKET -Dampening system offers enhanced comfort during play – gives a ‘Pure feel’ -New modular frame creates maximum penetration of racket through air and therefore increases hitting power and directional control -Woofer system makes frame and strings interact when striking the ball – 2% longer ball/ racket contact giving better comfort and more control

9. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information EXAMPES OF HIGHLY TECHNICAL PRODUCT MATERIAL AND DESIGN HOCKEY STICK -Banana shape allows faster and easier ball control -High carbon content gives fast ball speed on striking -Kevlar in the head protects playing surface SKIING AND OUTDOOR ADVENTURE JACKETS -Waterproofing – GORE-TEX® fibre – seam taping -Breathability -Wickering - thermal base layer and mid layers – transports moisture away from skin – keeping you dry and warm.

10. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information EXAMPLES OF HIGHLY TECHNICAL PRODUCT MATERIAL AND DESIGN RUGBY BOOTS -hydrology system repelling all forms of liquid -metatarsal protection zone -external heel counter for added stability -nylon and titanium studs for lightness and durability CRICKET BATS -willow (English) – best wood -bowed bat helps deliver increased power and control -delivers enlarged sweet spot for maximum response -wood distributed to the middle and edges for power -toe designed to deliver a higher sweet spot and light pick up -cane oval handle for feel, grip and performance.

11. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information FACILITIES The application of technology in sport facility design has brought about real changes in terms of athlete use, spectator comfort and recreational and health aspects. There have been many developments made with facilities and playing areas to help improve performance, safety and have helped to develop sports in terms of the skills used and the development of tactics. Sports stadiums – retractable roofs – all seated. Artificial surface – all weather – Hockey (sand based and water based surface) and Athletics in particular have benefited – providing ‘time’ bounce and speed for hockey and fast tracks for athletics. Floodlights Gymnastic Pits (safer landings)

12. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information FACILITIES Specialist sprung floors for gymnastics Multi purpose squash courts – with sliding dividers Glass squash courts – better viewing Artificial ski slopes Surfing simulator (wave production) Fitness suites – highly technical machines which can be personalised Velodromes (cycling) – Manchester and Newport Landing Areas for Athletics Different surfaces for Tennis

13. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND TRAINING TECHNOLOGY Video Analysis (Digital) National Analysis Psychological Profiling Dietary Analysis Heart Rate Monitoring – Numetrex clothing – electrodes knitted directly into fabric, sending data to compatible wrist watch via transmitter snapped into a pocket in the garment. Sensatex ‘smart’ Textile systems in T-shirts designed to acquire physiological information and data form the body: Heart Rate, Respiration and Body temperature

14. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND TRAINING TECHNOLOGY Recovery Methods – environmental chambers Altitude training Ergogenic aids Computer aids for bio-mechanical analysis Personalised systems in fitness suites, which respond to individual needs. New methods of training – based on performance statistics Registered on data management systems Tracks development – feedback – competition – visual – Technical model

15. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information ICT Linked with performance analysis and training technology Electronic timing and scoring systems TV graphics/ statistics/ replays/ red button Touch Screen Technology – plays, tactics, strategies Interface In Game statistics Internet/ Web DVD Computer Software Cameras Digital DNA Profiles of players – a team – based on every move each player makes in every game played

16. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Information OFFICIATING Linked with ICT More and more sports are now relying on TV to assist in officiating. Sport is big business and decisions must be accurate. Pressure on referees and umpires, but some sports are still reluctant to embrace technology fully. Hawk-eye in Cricket and Tennis Video officials – additional umpires/referees to review multi-angle TV footage to assist the primary official e.g. Rugby, Cricket Radio Links – between referee and touch judges – effective communication during the event.

17. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B SPIDER DIAGRAM DEVELOPMENT: CLASS DISCUSSION / INPUT NEWSPAPER CUTTINGS INTERNET RESEARCH STUDENTS DEVELOPMENT: (a) GENERAL TERMS (b) SPECIFIC TO ONE OR TWO PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES UNIT 1 – Practical Application TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

18. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B EMPHASIS SHOULD BE ON EACH STUDENT RESEARCHING TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THEIR OWN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. UNIT 1 – Practical Application “ARE THERE ANY ISSUES ARISING FROM TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY”? Class Discussion

19. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Links FEEDBACK MOTIVATION TRAINING TESTING

20. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B Newspaper coverage of Technical Developments in Physical Activity UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables 1 How to outrun Usain Bolt: Superhuman Technology 2 Teed up: The long-haul golf ball 3 Making Waves: Bodysuits 4 Lbw Rows: Missile Technology pioneer-adrian-faccionipioneer-richard-palmer future-of-sport-runcimancommenee-athletics-interview tim-lawson-energy-supplementswww.sportstechreview.com Mike Brewer starts new GPS training at Sale Sharks NFL player and his kit Aerodynamics of the World Cup ball World cup technology Fifa must embrace technology

21. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B Materials Technology How much has technology been used to improve sports: http://www.design-technology.org/sportsshoes1.htm To learn more about Composite Materials: http://www.design-technology.org/comp1.htm Technology transforming swimming at Olympics: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4494267.ece Swimming against technology's tide?: http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/steveparry/2009/07/sdvsadfv.shtml Golf Clubs - Square Drivers - Technology in Golf: http://www.thesportshq.com/articles/r%5CGolf-clubs%5CSquare- Drivers%5CGolf-Clubs-Square-Drivers-Technology-in-Golf.aspx UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

22. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B Materials Technology Taming technology the Augusta way: http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/golf/7230418.stm Taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climbing_shoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climbing_shoe “Advances in material science have resulted in a variety of sticky rubber compounds developed specifically for rock-climbing. Climbing rubber is becoming increasingly popular on non-climbing shoes. Approach shoes are hybrids between light-weight hiking shoes and climbing shoes. They are comfortable enough to wear for long distances, but many are also suited to more technical climbing. Many kinds of river shoes also use sticky rubber due to its ability to retain traction even on wet rocks. Specialty shoes for use with flat pedals for Mountain Biking are now being manufactured with sticky climbing rubber.” UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

23. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B Materials Technology Climbing Harness: http://www.indoorclimbing.com/climbing_harness.html A FACTORY TOUR -- How Snowboards Are Made: http://www.boardpass.com/press/factory.asp Snowboard Construction :: How To Make a Snowboard: http://snowboarding.com/howto/construct/boardconstruction.html Burton Snowboard Construction: http://global.burton.com/mens-all-mountain-freestyle-custom-v-rocker- snowboard/222156,default,pd.html?dwvar_222156_variationSize=156&start =&cgid=mens-boards UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

24. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B Materials Technology Know Your Balls-Rugby: http://www.vjc.moe.edu.sg/staff/boy/sterling/team1/rugby3.html Rugby Boots: http://www.creekrugby.com/rulesdetails-rugby_boots.htm Protection Body Armour: http://www.snowdanger.co.uk/p/body-protection/ Golf Club Construction - The Irons: http://ezinearticles.com/?Golf-Club-Construction---The-Irons&id=2718160 GOLF Club Head Construction Explained: http://blog.worldvillage.com/sports/golf_club_head_construction_explained.html Snowboarding Gear & Equipment Overview: http://www.abc-of-snowboarding.com/info/snowboarding-gear.asp UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

25. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B Performance Analysis Sports Video Analysis Software: http://www.quintic.com/the_quintic_system.htm Professional athlete performance measurement: http://www.optasportsdata.com http://www.elitesportsanalysis.com/ Sports performance analysis: coaching and training: http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/sports-performance-analysis-coaching-and-training-39 International Society of Performance Analysis of Sport: http://www.ispas.org/ Performance Analysis: A weapon against doping?: http://www.sportsscientists.com/2009/08/performance-analysis-weapon-against.html UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

26. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B I.C.T. PE TEACHERS SWITCH ON TO ICT: http://www.sports-council-wales.org.uk/10679 MotionCoach: visual analysis ICT: http://www.motioncoach.com/education/index.htm How does Hawk-eye work?: http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/cricket/features/newsid_3625000/3625559.stm Photo Finish Timing from Sport Systems: http://www.sportsystems.co.uk/ss/Photo_Finish.htm Laser Electronic Distance Measurement: http://www.timetronics.be/products/laser.php Football puts goalline technology on hold for Uefa experiment: http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/oct/30/digger-fifa-premier-league-technology UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

27. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B Facilities How do retractable roofs in convertible stadiums work?: http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/question591.htm The Sapporo Dome: http://www.sapporo-dome.co.jp/foreign/index-en.html http://www.worldstadiums.com/ World-Class Sports Stadiums: http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/02/sports_stadiums/index_01.htm Artificial Turf: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_turf Synthetic sports surfaces: http://www.nottssport.co.uk/indexsport.php UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

28. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B Training Open Directory project Sports Science: Technology Links: http://www.dmoz.org/Sports/People/Training/Sports_Science/Technology/ New Technology, Cameras Making Sports Training Easier: http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/47935/new_technology_cameras_making_sports.html The Blessing and Curse of Training Technology: http://www.thesportfactory.com/site/trainingnews/The_Blessing_and_Curse_of_Training_T echnology.shtml Cutting-edge medical and training technology help Magic players reach their potential: http://www.nba.com/magic/news/Cuttingedge_medical_and_train-292857-66.html UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

29. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B Safety Features Sport safety Fencing: http://www.sportsafety.com/ Cranfield technology could be used further afield: http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/2009/page28498.jsp Sport and leisure engineering, design and technology: http://www.intute.ac.uk/cgi-bin/browse.pl?id=114361 Safety Measures for Wheelchair Players: http://www.safesport.co.uk/SafetyMeasuresForWheelchairPlayers.html Safe Watersports: http://www.safewatersports.co.uk/ UNIT 1 – Diagrams and tables

30. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Activity 1.Give two examples of how ICT is helping sports officials make the correct decisions at important fixtures. 2.Describe technological developments in a physical activity of your choice, and explain how they could improve performance. 3.What technological developments would you like to see introduced for a physical activity of your choice? 4.How can technological developments in Performance Analysis help sportspersons improve their performance? Practical Application

31. GCSE Physical Education Information/Discussion Practical Application Links Diagram/Table Activity Revision MAIN MENU TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS SECTION B UNIT 1 - Activity 5.Use the 3 cuttings from newspapers to help you discuss the following idea. ‘Sports Technology needs to be governed carefully so that ‘human effort’ is still the important factor in sporting performance’ Discussion